Policy case

Impact on increased knowledge and understanding as a result of the case study

Increase Awareness

Efficiency gains on operations or transactions either through cultural or technological shifts

Productivity

Reduced use of virgin materials and/or an increase of the use of secondary and bio-based materials

Reduce Material Consumption (SDG12)

Minimise waste through diversion: Instead of sending waste to landfill, it is redirected into other industrial processes for handling, treatment, recycling, recovery, or reuse in various forms. 

Minimise waste through design: At the outset of a process of project, plan and design such that there is zero waste or minimal waste during production, use, and at end of life. 

Minimise Waste (SDG12)

Participating in government programmes that support and advance the circular economy

Government programmes

Grant funding

Awareness raising events

Information campaigns

Impacts

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A framework of policy instruments that enabled and encourage the transition to the circular economy

Policy Instruments

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A framework of policy instruments that enable and stimulate the transition to the circular economy

The principles of a circular economy concern designing out waste, regenerating ecosystems and keeping items in use. Decoupling the economy from material flows—improving the rate of resource productivity faster than the economic growth rate—is also a consistent guide. By evolving with the growing number of applications of circular economy principles, and consolidating these strategies across thematic areas, Circle Economy’s Key Elements Framework (KE) renders the elements of the circular economy salient and serves as a basis to derive contextual strategies and interventions. 


The Framework consists of:
- Core Elements: Activities directly handling product or material flows; and uniquely,
- Enabling Elements: those that remove obstacles for core actors.


Key elements of the circular economy

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Circle Economy's framework of strategies and activities that define the circular economy

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Based on the work of [Bocken et al. (2016)](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309699661_Product_design_and_business_model_strategies_for_a_circular_economy), the Four Flows Framework serves as a simple framework for managing resource flows in a circular economy by using less (Narrow), using for longer (Slow), using again (Cycle), and using clean, regenerative materials and energy (Regenerate).

These different principles of circular economy can be applied to our socioeconomic metabolism: we can design stocks like buildings, infrastructure, machinery, and vehicles to be rich resource mines for the future, and design manufactured goods and consumables to be cycled and made regenerative. Furthermore, the focus must also centre on getting more value out of fewer materials. Achieving the aims of a circular economy—minimising material use, regenerating the Earth, and preventing material losses—can be done through these four key strategies mentioned above.

Source: Circle Economy. (2023). *[The circularity gap report 2023](https://www.circularity-gap.world/2023)* (p.22). Amsterdam: Circle Economy. 

Four Flows Framework

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Bursa

Eskişehir

Bilecik

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BEBKA is an institution that directs development in the provinces of Bursa, Eskişehir and Bilecik (TR41 Region in Turkey) by enhancing coordination and cooperation among public sector, private sector and non-governmental organizations; offering local-oriented solutions for local problems and promoting sustainable development by means of proper and effective use of sources.

Bursa Eskisehir Bilecik Development Agency (BEBKA)

In line with TR41 2014-2023 Regional Plan priorities; a regional industrial symbiosis programme was carried out between 2014-2020 in order to ensure the efficient use of resources in Bursa, Eskisehir and Bilecik provinces.The main purpose of the program was to raise awareness for the dissemination of industrial symbiosis practices in the region, to determine the current potential and strategy by making regional and sectoral analyzes, to carry out communication activities and to establish the infrastructure for the sustainability and dissemination of industrial symbiosis practices.

TR41 Region Industrial Symbiosis Programme 

Business case

Collecting waste from households and businesses by means of refuse bins, wheeled bins, containers, etc., and providing treatment, incineration, materials recovery and reclamation, and disposal of hazardous and non-hazardous waste

Waste Management

Producing and gathering crop and animal products from land and water through farming, hunting, and fishing

Agriculture

Using waste materials that have been processed and recycled to produce new products within the same industry

Using closed loop recycled materials

Industries

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    Nilüfer Belediyesi, “Nilüfer’de Çöpe Atmıyoruz, Toprağa Kazandırıyoruz” projesi kapsamında hayata geçirdiği Kompost Ünitesi’yle, bitkisel ve yemek atıklarını organik gübreye dönüştürerek, hem çevre sağlığına hem de ekonomiye katkı sağlıyor.

Nilufer

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Nilufer Municipality

A compost unit was established by the Municipality of Nilüfer with the financial support of Bursa Eskişehir Bilecik Development Agency (BEBKA), where vegetable and food wastes are transformed into organic fertilizer.