Policy case

Impacts on the social fabric of the community and well-being of the individuals and families.

Social Impact

Direct and indirect reduction in economic costs

Cost Savings

Direct and indirect effects that increase revenues or the potential for new revenues, for example from new products, customer segments, partnerships or business models

Revenue Potential

Reduced green house gas emissions released into the biosphere

Reduce Emissions (SDG13)

Minimise waste through diversion: Instead of sending waste to landfill, it is redirected into other industrial processes for handling, treatment, recycling, recovery, or reuse in various forms. 

Minimise waste through design: At the outset of a process of project, plan and design such that there is zero waste or minimal waste during production, use, and at end of life. 

Minimise Waste (SDG12)

Producing agricultural products and processing them into food and beverageproducts for consumption

Agri/Food

Producing electrical equipment and machinery for industrial use

Capital Equipment

Producing and providing business and consumer goods and services

Goods and Services

Producing building materials and providing services to create residential and non-residential infrastructure and real estate


Construction and Infrastructure

While resources are in-use, maintain, repair and upgrade them to maximise their lifetime and give them a second life through take back strategies when applicable

Stretch the lifetime

Reuse, repurpose, and recycle waste streams within the same industry

Valorise waste streams - closed loop

Reuse, repurpose, and recycle waste streams within other industries

Valorise waste streams - open loop

Designing products that are made to last and to ensure longer use

Design for durability

Engage with the government on circular policies and programmes

Government collaboration

Engaging in discussions with government bodies and policymakers to push for regulations that support the circular economy

Advocacy for circular economy policy

Participating in government programmes that support and advance the circular economy

Government programmes

Locally produced food has to travel shorter, which means less fuel is consumed and less greenhouse gases are generated. Moreover, buying locally produced food helps local farmers and markets and creates more jobs in the local businesses. 


Produce locally

Recover and collect surplus food products that might otherwise be wasted for distribution to people.


Redistribute surplus 

Other

The circulation of materials and products may result in an increased demand for energy usage overall, therefore it is especially important to provide energy from regenerative sources, and to utilise regenerative and cyclable materials in the production of parts and the required infrastructure.  Energy efficiency is an important step but does not bring about a fully circular economy at a bigger scale or in the longer term. 

ENERGY

Buildings are where we live, work and play, and also where we store machinery and goods for later consumption. Buildings are but one component of the greater built environment which includes urban infrastructure such as roads, bridges and utilities. 
Current construction techniques have buildings consuming the bulk of materials globally. With increasing urbanisation and therefore demand for buildings of every kind, we drastically need to re-imagine how we design, utilise and decommission buildings.

BUILDINGS

Waste is often the entry point for discussing a circular economy. However, in a fully circular economy, waste does not exist as it has  been designed out of the system from the outset, either through avoidance (reduction of materials) or because outputs are such that they can be re-used as inputs into other production and consumption processes. Studying existing waste streams allows us to trace the problem back to its source and design an appropriate intervention. 

WASTE

Impacts

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Industries

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The principles of a circular economy concern designing out waste, regenerating ecosystems and keeping items in use. Decoupling the economy from material flows—improving the rate of resource productivity faster than the economic growth rate—is also a consistent guide. By evolving with the growing number of applications of circular economy principles, and consolidating these strategies across thematic areas, Circle Economy’s Key Elements Framework (KE) renders the elements of the circular economy salient and serves as a basis to derive contextual strategies and interventions. 


The Framework consists of:
- Core Elements: Activities directly handling product or material flows; and uniquely,
- Enabling Elements: those that remove obstacles for core actors.


Key elements of the circular economy

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Circle Economy's framework of strategies and activities that define the circular economy

Urban Opportunities

This strategy sets out our priorities for moving towards a more circular economy - where products and materials are kept in high value use for as long as possible. 
It builds on Scotland's progress in the zero waste and resource efficiency agendas. A more circular economy will benefit: 
the environment - cutting waste and carbon emissions and reducing reliance on scarce resources; 
the economy - improving productivity, opening up new markets and improving resilience; and 
communities - more, lower cost options to access the goods we need with opportunities for social enterprise. 
​Realising these benefits will mean rethinking our approach to how goods are supplied, how they are used, and what happens at the end of products' lifetimes. In this strategy, we are prioritising four areas, although we will also take action elsewhere: 
Food and drink, and the broader bio-economy: food waste is a significant source of carbon emissions; and a more circular approach to the beer, whisky and fish sectors, for example, could lead to potential savings of half a billion pounds per year; 
Remanufacture: remanufacture is already contributing £1.1 billion per year to Scotland's economy with potential to grow by a further £620 million by 2020; 
Construction and the built environment: construction accounts for about 50% of all waste in Scotland and is a major influence on efficient use of resources; 
Energy infrastructure: there are considerable opportunities such as the reuse of equipment from wind turbines and decommissioned oil and gas platforms. Our ambition for waste prevention and using resources more efficiently is fundamental to achieving a more circular economy. 


 

I am proud to present "Making Things Last": Scotland's first
circular economy strategy.
In a world of finite resources, where global population and
consumption growth are driving increased volatility and
vulnerability in the supply of raw materials, the circular economy
offers a new and exciting perspective. This creates a variety of
opportunities from making goods to last longer, ready to be
upgraded and repaired, to reducing our need for raw materials and
helping us get smarter at recycling. For me, the circular economy
is about the environment, the economy, and people. And above all it
is about the moral imperative to reduce our demand on the planet's
resources.
For example, between now and 2020, we'll import about £50
million worth of gold into Scotland hidden away in our TVs, mobile phones and
computers, but we'll recover just a tiny fraction of that.
From an environmental perspective, the opportunities of a more
circular economy are fundamental to the Scottish Government's
approach to tackling emissions arising from the consumption of
goods, to help tackle climate change. Zero Waste Scotland estimate
that, by 2050, a more circular economy could reduce carbon
emissions by 11 million tonnes per year.
Scotland's Economic Strategy, and our new strategy for
manufacturing - A Manufacturing Future for Scotland launched by the First
Minister in February 2016 - clearly set out the economic
opportunities of a more circular approach. From a business
perspective, the circular economy agenda is one of innovation,
seeking new ways to reduce our call on natural resources and
keeping materials flowing through the economy at as high a value as
possible for as long as possible. Remanufacturing alone has the
potential to create an additional £620 million turnover and
5,700 new jobs by 2020.
But it is the choices made by consumers - the public - that will
ultimately determine success. At the forefront of my mind is the
idea of "Making Things Last", and the potential for the reuse of
goods and materials to help protect the environment, and deliver
social and economic benefits to our communities.
The opportunities of a more circular economy seem endless, and
the concept can be daunting. This strategy does not attempt to
cover everything that might be possible, and as we understand more
about the dynamics of a circular economy in the light of
experience, we will update our approach. But this strategy sets out
our early priorities for action, in the areas where Scotland is in
a position to make rapid progress, such as remanufacturing; and the
areas where we have the scope to deliver the most significant
environmental and economic benefits, such as in the food and bio
economy sectors, energy infrastructure and construction.
Whether it be designing complex products in a way that enables
them to be remanufactured, or simply empowering people to repair
household items instead of throwing them away, the concept of
making things last makes sense for business, industry, public
organisations and individuals.
There are two key elements of this strategy that will bring
together all sectors, and individuals, to work together towards a
more circular economy. Our ideas on a better approach to producer
responsibility - ensuring that provision for dealing with products
at the end of their lives is fully taken into consideration when
they are placed on the market - are intended to stimulate debate.
And our food waste reduction target of 33% by 2025, the first such
target in Europe, will act as a catalyst for action along the whole
supply chain, from farm to plate.
This strategy takes the targets and ambitions in our Zero Waste
Plan and in Safeguarding Scotland's Resources and places them
firmly in the context of our action for a more circular economy.
And this strategy has been developed, and will be delivered, in
partnership with Zero Waste Scotland, the enterprise agencies and SEPA. Our
action towards a more circular economy, together with the
Manufacturing Action Plan, will be supported by over £70m of
investment, including £30m of European Structural Funds; and
we see a number of opportunities in the European Commission's
Circular Economy Package.
Our recent work on the Scottish Household Recycling Charter
reflected a truly collaborative approach to policy making between
national and local government, with support from business, industry
and the third sector. I want to continue and extend that
partnership, in particular to work with environmental NGOs, to
help people understand that our resources are finite, and that we
cannot continue our patterns of consumption. We need the concept of
a more circular economy, and its benefits to the environment, to
become better understood by a wider range of people. It is only
through this collaborative approach that we will make a
difference.
Initiatives like the tool library on Leith Walk in Edinburgh or
Mackie's gearbox remanufacturing in Glasgow help bring to life just
how sensible a circular economy is.
A more circular economy, where we make things last, is an
economic, environmental and moral necessity. It will help conserve
our finite resources, help support jobs in our communities and
improve our quality of life. It just makes good sense.

RICHARD LOCHHEAD 

 Two of the strategy’s key elements are: to develop a more comprehensive approach to producer responsibility by setting up a single framework for all product types that drives choices for reuse, repair and remanufacture, while more fully exposing and addressing the costs of recycling and disposal; and to reduce all food waste by 33% by 2025 – the first such target to be set in Europe.  The strategy’s four priority areas, based on their resource use, environmental impact and importance to the Scottish economy, are:   Food, drink, and the broader bio-economy: the beer, whisky and fish industries could reduce costs by £500-800 million a year by taking a more circular approach Remanufacture: contributes £1.1 billion a year to Scottish GDP and could contribute £1.7 billion a year by 2020 Construction and the built environment: generates around half of all waste produced in Scotland, so has a significant opportunity to increase resource efficiency Energy infrastructure: significant potential to re-use equipment from decommissioned oil, gas and renewables infrastructure (£30-35 billion is expected to be spent on oil and gas decommissioning by 2040)  Illustrating the economic and environmental integration of the approach, action in these priority areas is being delivered in close collaboration with Scotland’s Enterprise Agencies, the Scottish Environment Protection Agency and Zero Waste Scotland. The focus areas of the strategy are also aligned with the priorities of the Innovation Centres in Scotland and the Scottish Institute for Remanufacture.  Close cooperation between the Scottish Government and the delivery partners was crucial in shaping the Scottish Government’s public consultation, ‘Making things last: Creating a more circular economy in Scotland’, published in August 2015. For six months before the consultation, the Scottish Government and its partners worked to increase interest and debate through a series of workshops, seminars, media releases and the publication of evidence reports focused on different sectors.  The public consultation attracted 78 responses from industry, academia, community organisations, local government, trade organisations (representing their members’ views) and individuals. For example, while waste prevention was implicit in the consultation, some respondents argued it should have more prominence in the strategy, a recommendation the government adopted by adding a new chapter and setting the food waste reduction target. The consultation also sought views on the idea of a centre of expertise for circular economy design, but no clear vision of how that could work emerged. Instead, in line with consultation feedback, the strategy’s design focus is on providing mainstream business support and influencing decisions at EU level.  Linked to the circular economy strategy, the Scottish Manufacturing Action Plan (2016) is also encouraging manufacturing firms to adopt circular practices such as remanufacture as one of its core themes. The plans to establish a manufacturing skills academy provide a further opportunity to incorporate circular economy practices in education programmes on product design and resource use.  The Scottish Food Waste Reduction Target, to reduce food waste 33% by 2025, is the main focus of the waste prevention part of the strategy. To work towards this target Resource Efficient Scotland, part of Zero Waste Scotland, is supporting SMEs in preventing food waste and adapting to the 5kg threshold for separate food waste collection, in place since January 2016. Broader waste collection also features in the strategy. The Scottish Household Recycling Charter has been introduced to promote a consistent approach to household recycling of food, glass, paper/card and cans/plastics across all municipalities in Scotland and is gaining momentum. While implementation will take time, by July 2016 half of Scottish councils had signed the Charter. Through harmonised services based on best practice, the expectation is for increased householder participation, improved quality of recycled materials, and greater economic benefit to local authorities.  With the strategy now in place, the Scottish Government and its delivery partners are working on the priorities identified to move Scotland towards a more circular economy. This in turn will provide opportunities for businesses, communities and people across Scotland.This case study was originally published in August 2016. Scotland was awarded a ‘Circulars’ award for Cities and Governments at the World Economic Forum in 2017. The “Making Things Last” strategy has paved the way towards the Scottish circular economy bill.  

Scotland

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Scottish Government

Buildng on Scotland's progress in the zero waste and resource efficiency agendas, the Scottish Government has set out priorities for moving towards a more circular economy - where products and materials are kept in high value use for as long as possible. The stategy prioritises four areas (food, drink, and the broader bio-economy, remanufacture, construction and the built environment, and energy infrastructure) and builds on two key elements: to develop a more comprehensive approach to producer responsibility and to reduce all food waste by 33% by 2025 – the first such target to be set in Europe.

Making Things Last: a circular economy strategy for Scotland

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This collection comes from the <a href="https://www.circle-economy.com/circular-jobs-initiative/" target="_blank">Circular Jobs Initiative</a>, an initiative of Circle Economy.

The workforce is an essential lever for transforming our economy from linear to circular. The Circular Jobs Initiative aims to maximise the employment opportunities offered by the circular economy. It provides practical support and insights to businesses and governments that want to adopt circular strategies that have a positive social impact.The Circular Jobs Initiative works through three focus areas: 

- Upskilling the workforce

- Quality of work

- Inclusive job opportunities 

CJI has defined circular jobs as any occupation that directly involves or indirectly supports one of the strategies of the circular economy. It distinguishes between three types of circular jobs: core, enabling and indirectly circular jobs.

**Core circular jobs** are all jobs that ensure the closure of raw material cycles, including jobs in repair, renewable energy, waste and resource management. 

**‍Enabling circular jobs** are jobs that remove barriers for and enable the acceleration and upscaling of core circular activities, including jobs that arise in leasing, education, design and digital technology. 

**Indirectly circular jobs** are jobs that occur in other sectors that do not play a direct role in furthering the transition to the circular economy but can still adopt circular strategies. They include jobs that provide services to core circular strategies, including jobs in information services, logistics and the public sector.

The Knowledge Hub Collection includes examples of circular jobs, publications, reports, case studies and policies different organisations, governments and businesses are already using to advocate for a person-centred circular economy. 

Visit the <a href="https://www.circle-economy.com/circular-jobs-initiative/" target="_blank">Circular Jobs Initiative</a>

Visit the <a href="http://jobsmonitor.circle-economy.com/" target="_blank">Circular Jobs Monitor</a>

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Circular Jobs Initiative

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Business case

Impact on the quantity or quality of jobs, and shifts in the labour market

Jobs

Providing public and private education and support services at any level or for any profession, and governmental and public administration services, including judicial, regulatory, and legislative activities, taxation, defence, public order and safety, immigration services, foreign affairs and the administration of government programmes

Education and Government Services

Collecting waste from households and businesses by means of refuse bins, wheeled bins, containers, etc., and providing treatment, incineration, materials recovery and reclamation, and disposal of hazardous and non-hazardous waste

Waste Management

Utilise waste streams as a source of secondary resources and recover waste for reuse and recycling

Use waste as a resource

Provide guidance or professional training to educate employees to use circular economy principles

Training on the circular economy

'Inform' increases the overall levels of awareness and builds the necessary skills and knowledge around the circular economy to foster long-term change.

Inform

Integrate principles of circularity into primary, secondary and tertiary curriculum and conduct workplace trainings

 Education and Curriculum

Encourage workplace training

Archetypes

CE Materials

Materials

A framework of policy instruments that enabled and encourage the transition to the circular economy

Policies

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A framework of policy instruments that enable and stimulate the transition to the circular economy

Nace Sectors

Topics

Whilst no two countries are the same, there are still obvious similarities between some of them, with discernible development patterns and parallels in evidence. Common problems and shared solutions help place unique country identities and individual issues in context.

Whilst this classification is far from clear-cut and exhibits some overlap, it does underline how the discourse on transitioning to a circular economy needs to account for both differences and commonalities, if we are to arrive at a more strategic and instructive analysis. It also allows to highlight a set of key themes that are likely to be central to the countries that fall under the respective profiles. 

Country profiles (Build, Grow, Shift)

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A framework to distinguish between different country profiles and their circular transition needs.

Browse case studies by type of implementing stakeholder.

Implementing stakeholders

80+ circular strategies for product development 
organised hierarchically into three tiers
with tier 1 and tier 2 based on the Key Elements Framework

DISRUPT

The Circular City Actions Framework provides urban changemakers with five complementary strategies they can use to start working towards a more circular system. 

The framework is action-based to provide users with concrete strategic directions and showcase the desired outcomes of each strategy. 
The framework consists of five complementary **strategies**, under which **sub-strategies** provide further detail. Finally, each sub-strategy consists of a diversity of tangible **solutions** which are framed in relation to key thematic areas. 

Note: solutions are currently focused on:
- 🍏 **Food systems**
- 🏢  **Built environment**
- 👕📱  **Consumer goods**
- ⚡ **Energy Systems**
- 🚌 **Mobility Systems**
- 💧 **Water Systems**

More thematic areas are coming soon...

'Click through each of the five strategy cards below to explore the framework and circular economy case studies in more depth!'



This framework was developed in collaboration with ICLEI, Metabolic and Ellen MacArthur Foundation with support from the MAVA Foundation. Read more about it [here]( https://circulars.iclei.org/action-framework/). 



Circular City Actions Framework

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An action-based framework for local governments working towards circular cities

 A Zero Waste Plan for Scotland:

Waste affects every one of us in Scotland. Every day, at home and at work, we acquire, use and dispose of resources. And as individuals and organisations we are becoming increasingly aware of our impact on the environment, and the need to look after the precious resources we all depend on.
Scotland has already made huge progress on waste. We have cut dramatically the amount of waste we throw away in landfill sites, and recycling has soared. The Scottish Government has energetically supported local authorities in driving up recycling rates and achieving the European target to cut the amount of biodegradable waste sent to landfill more than 4 years earlier than the deadline of 2013. Our ambitious climate change legislation includes powers to tackle the climate impacts of waste. And we have set up a coordinated Zero Waste Scotland programme to support action on waste.
However, there is still much to do. We must carry on cleaning up our act, preventing and reducing waste. Above all, we have to recognise that everything we use and throw away is a resource which has a value, a value that we should try to preserve, capture, and use again wherever possible.
That is what a zero waste Scotland means - not a country where we never throw anything away, but a new approach to making the most effective use of all resources, and avoiding wasting resources or making them unusable wherever we can. This Zero Waste Plan aims to bring a step change for Scotland. To do that, it has to tackle all Scotland's waste, not just the waste that local authorities collect and manage, which is less than a fifth of all waste.
A zero waste Scotland will need commitment and resolve from every one of us. As I travel around Scotland, I see individuals and organisations taking action to prevent or reduce waste, and use resources more efficiently. I am convinced that by harnessing their enthusiasm and following their lead, we will build a zero waste Scotland.
Government's role is to set the vision, introduce policies to drive change, and give leadership to bring these changes to fruition. This first Zero Waste Plan for Scotland sets a course for the changes we need to make. It proposes long term targets of recycling 70% of all Scotland's waste, and only 5% of remaining waste ending up in landfill by 2025.
I believe this Zero Waste Plan sets realistic, ambitious and sustainable objectives, and that it gives clear signals that allows us to make plans, invest and take decisions for the future, so we can work towards a greener, less wasteful Scotland that can support us and our children.

RICHARD LOCHHEAD, MSP Cabinet Secretary 

SWITCH (Scottish Waste Industry Training, Competency, Health & Safety) is a multi-partnership forum made up of organisations across all sectors within the resource management industry.
These organisations include Zero Waste Scotland, Chartered Institution of Wastes Management (CIWM), Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA), Scottish Government, private waste management companies, advisory bodies and local authorities.
Page 2There is a large amount of support and guidance relating to COVID-19 being released, which can make it confusing to find the correct guidance. We have grouped the guidance together from the following organisation, which is relevant to the sector.
If there is something you feel should be included or you wish to share please contact admin@switchforum.org.uk
Scottish Government Advice
The main Scot Govt website detailing the overall government guidance on all aspects of the lockdown, including the recent 4 phase route map, and the latest specific updates and announcements from the First Minister.
Government Sector Guidance & Advice
Overall UK and Scottish government guidance on more specific regulations relating to the operation of the waste industry, relaxations of existing rules, and timeframes for further reviews.
WISH Guidance
Waste Industry Safety and Health links, providing information and reviews around the safe operation of waste management through the COVID-19 crisis. This also details changes to legislation and best practice and the guidance around ensuring staff remain safe whilst working.
HSE Guidance
Health and Safety Executive website, providing guidance for employers on all aspects of compliance with current regulations for safe working practices both in the workplace and for homeworkers.
Templates
A range of example document templates for you to use and update. Including templates on Social Distancing in the workplace, monitoring, and managing affected staff and safe working procedures.


The Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA) is Scotland’s principal environmental regulator, protecting and improving Scotland’s environment.

SEPA (Scottish Environment Protection Agency)

Zero Waste Scotland exists to lead Scotland to use products and resources responsibly, focusing on where we can have the greatest impact on climate change. 

Using evidence and insight, our goal is to inform policy, and motivate individuals and businesses to embrace the environmental, economic, and social benefits of a circular economy. 

We are a not-for-profit environmental organisation, funded by the Scottish Government and European Regional Development Fund.

Zero Waste Scotland

The leading professional body for resource and waste professionals, CIWM (Chartered Institution of Wastes Management) is the voice of the sector and represents over 5,500 individuals in the UK and overseas.

Chartered Institute of Wastes Management (CIWM)

Albion Environmental Limited was established in 2002 and has developed into one of the UK’s leading consultants specialising in waste management, environmental, health and safety solutions.  They deliver strategic advice, support and training to the waste management, facilities management and construction industries in both the public and private sectors.

Albion Environmental

The Scottish Waste Industry Training, Competency, Health &amp; Safety (SWITCH) Forum works to promote the Scottish resource management industry as an attractive career choice in Scotland. The programme provides leadership by working collaboratively to raise health and safety standards, training, learning and development, and technical competence.The multi-partnership forum is made up of organisations across all sectors within the resource management industry. This includes Zero Waste Scotland, Chartered Institution of Wastes Management (CIWM), Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA), Scottish Government, private waste management companies, advisory bodies and local authorities. It was born out of the Scottish Government's Zero Waste Plan in 2010, which tasked Zero Waste Scotland with developing a programme to support continual improvements in health and safety and workforce skills in the resource management sector.SWITCH developed a Competence Framework Tool for managers, supervisors and team leaders within the resource management sector to assess their staff against a range of specific competences and skills applicable to their job roles. The Competence Framework has been used by VET providers in Scotland, such as Albion Environmental, as part of their Sustainable Resource Management modern apprenticeship. This apprenticeship provides workplace training to frontline service operatives, collection operatives, site operatives, weighbridge operatives, collection drivers and team leaders. The benefits this common framework has provided to Albion Environmental clients include: - The framework has streamlined modern apprenticeship candidates' inductions, - Career progression planning for apprentices is now more accurate and specific to the individual, - It helps to simplify expectations for new and inexperienced staff and builds confidence, - It is now used to assist HR functions in managing performance, evaluations and annual reviews.