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This collection has been built by a community of passionate researchers, students, and industry professionals as part of <a href="https://worldcirculartextilesday.com/" target="_blank">World Circular Textiles Day</a> (WCTD). 


World Circular Textiles Day takes place every year on 8th October.  Our vision is to galvanise the collective ambitions and goals of people, organisations and businesses to reach a fully circular textiles world by 2050. Our mission is to provide a framework for circularity stakeholders to develop and deliver a collaborative, evolving roadmap and to chart circularity’s momentum annually from the 8th of October until 2050.

What does fully circular by 2050 mean?
- Shared textile resources, in the form of products and raw materials, are kept in **continual circulation**.
- Virgin resources are **replaced with circular materials**.
- Dignity, equity, and equality for the **people** involved in all parts of the circular value chain.

We need to know where we stand today to chart how to get to 100% Circularity by 2050. What circular activity is currently happening in the textiles and apparel industry, and where in the world is it happening? The WCTD Collection aims to answer this question by building the world’s largest digital library of circular textiles case studies. 

World Circular Textiles Day is proud to be supported by our 2022-23 Circular Hero Partners:
[Lenzing](https://www.lenzing.com/), [Texaid](https://retailsolutions.texaid.com/), [Bank & Vogue](https://www.bankvogue.com/), [Usha yarns limited](https://ushayarns.com/), [The Conduit](https://www.theconduit.com/), and [Asia Pacific Rayon](https://www.aprayon.com/en/)

## Want to contribute to the WCTD Collection? Sign up and add your circular textiles activities.





World Circular Textiles Day

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Business case

Reduced green house gas emissions released into the biosphere

Reduce Emissions (SDG13)

Reduced use of virgin materials and/or an increase of the use of secondary and bio-based materials

Reduce Material Consumption (SDG12)

Minimise waste through diversion: Instead of sending waste to landfill, it is redirected into other industrial processes for handling, treatment, recycling, recovery, or reuse in various forms. 

Minimise waste through design: At the outset of a process of project, plan and design such that there is zero waste or minimal waste during production, use, and at end of life. 

Minimise Waste (SDG12)

Reduced use and withdrawal of water and rate of recycling and reuse of water

Save Water (SDG6)

Reduced use of fossil fuel energy sources and/or increased use of renewable energy

Reduce Energy Consumption

Producing textile and leather products and processing them into apparel and accessories

Fashion and Textiles

Producing and gathering crop and animal products from land and water through farming, hunting, and fishing

Agriculture

Using waste materials that have been processed and recycled to produce new products within other industries

Using open loop recycled materials

Designing products that can easily breakdown and degrade in the environment

Design for bio-degradability

VISION:
Raw materials are renewable, recyclable and safe, kept in continual circulation.

DETAIL:
Imagine a time when…the raw materials that are used to make things are sourced from existing products and regenerative agriculture, via carbon negative and climate neutral processes. Biodegradable raw materials are used for products with biodegradable end routes. Toxic chemicals have been washed out of the global materials pool, disposed of safely and replaced with beneficial alternatives. Virgin fibres made from fossil fuels have been banned, while secondary synthetic fibres, derived from what was already in the system, are kept in constant circulation as a resource. Circularity accounting methods, built on science-based metrics, help to manage a balanced system of resources, across all industries, and in line with the planet’s environmental limits.

Raw Materials and Planetary Boundaries

VISION:
Products and services are designed for multiple use and material value retention, with maximum positive impact.

DETAIL: 
Imagine a time when…products flow via optimal collection and distribution streams into reusable and repairable product platforms. Reuse and access models are dominant, and products are designed for multiple recirculation before biodegrading (if designed to do so), or being broken down into reusable raw materials for production. People only consume what they need. Production and consumption wastes have been fully eliminated and multifunctional, season-less and timeless fashions are the norm, yet still fulfil our human need for expression and creativity without constraint. All business models, organisations, governments and citizens play a role in maintaining a healthy, functioning circular ecosystem.

Products and Services

Impacts

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Industries

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The principles of a circular economy concern designing out waste, regenerating ecosystems and keeping items in use. Decoupling the economy from material flows—improving the rate of resource productivity faster than the economic growth rate—is also a consistent guide. By evolving with the growing number of applications of circular economy principles, and consolidating these strategies across thematic areas, Circle Economy’s Key Elements Framework (KE) renders the elements of the circular economy salient and serves as a basis to derive contextual strategies and interventions. 


The Framework consists of:
- Core Elements: Activities directly handling product or material flows; and uniquely,
- Enabling Elements: those that remove obstacles for core actors.


Key elements of the circular economy

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Circle Economy's framework of strategies and activities that define the circular economy

It is 2050.  Full systems change has taken place. This wouldn’t have been possible without the immediate action and radical steps taken from 2020 onwards. Many targets had to be identified in the early 2020s and achieved by 2030 to ensure that the 2050 goal happened in full. A sense of urgency, turbo stakeholder collaboration, supportive government regulation and clear, data driven targets enabled the mindsets and systems change needed to transform to a fully circular textiles ecosystem.

A circular economics model underpins what we have created. It reflects and supports a living organism made up of makers, users and restorers, interacting across vibrant and interconnected networks. Checks and balances, alongside transparency and accountability, ensure a healthy system. Financial, environmental, and social metrics have the purpose of serving communities and the planet. There is shared ownership of profit and loss – across all three metrics – throughout the value chain.

This is what we’ve achieved over the last 30 years:

WCTD Themes

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Based on the work of [Bocken et al. (2016)](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309699661_Product_design_and_business_model_strategies_for_a_circular_economy), the Four Flows Framework serves as a simple framework for managing resource flows in a circular economy by using less (Narrow), using for longer (Slow), using again (Cycle), and using clean, regenerative materials and energy (Regenerate).

These different principles of circular economy can be applied to our socioeconomic metabolism: we can design stocks like buildings, infrastructure, machinery, and vehicles to be rich resource mines for the future, and design manufactured goods and consumables to be cycled and made regenerative. Furthermore, the focus must also centre on getting more value out of fewer materials. Achieving the aims of a circular economy—minimising material use, regenerating the Earth, and preventing material losses—can be done through these four key strategies mentioned above.

Source: Circle Economy. (2023). *[The circularity gap report 2023](https://www.circularity-gap.world/2023)* (p.22). Amsterdam: Circle Economy. 

Four Flows Framework

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AGRI-WASTEOur PYRATEX® bio fabrics are made with PLA: a biobased material formed by the polymerization of lactide, and extracted from post-industrial biological waste. Our PLA makes a real difference amongst polyamides, as we are not using any petroleum nor any chemicals in the process.  ​ It is made with corn, cassava, sugar cane or beets, following these certifications: ​ • It is harvested in a naturally grown agriculture, certified by ISCC PLUS (The International Sustainability and Carbon Certification) ​ • There are no genetically modified materials involved, certified by the European Institute Eurofins Genescan. ​ Our PLA is harvested from crops that were not created for producing PLA, but that were already being used for the animal feed industry. For obtaining the PLA, we are using the starch, while the proteins are being used for food, not causing any shortcomings to the animal feed industry.  ​ The PLA in our PYRATEX® fabrics is a sustainable alternative, as its manufacturing produces approximately 80% less greenhouse gases than the manufacturing of traditional polymers: our PLA produces 0.62 kg CO2/ kg polymer, whereas PVC produces 2.42 kg CO2/ kg polymer. ​ The production of our PLA uses approximately 52% less non-renewable energy than traditional polymers: our PLA uses 40.05 MJ/ kg polymer, whereas PVC uses 58.97 MJ/ kg polymer. bio-based fiber70% LESS CO2 EMISSIONS THAN POLYESTER MANUFACTURINGQuality and environmental management system ISO 9001 and 14001Fuera de la galería100% BIODEGRADABLECertified DIN EN 13432 for industrial composting water
absorptionWater absorption of 0,4-0,6% (65% rel. humidity, 25h)Fuera de la galeríaFuera de la galería

Spain

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PYRATES is a R&D company and textile supplier who offers a diversified portfolio of fibres and has recently joined our Future Fabrics Expo. PYRATES specialises in the manufacture of PYRATEX®, a collection of luxury knitted fabrics made from organic, upcycled, or biodegradable fibres which consume less water, energy or CO2 during the production process.


PYRATES

<p>PYRATES, an R&amp;D company and textile supplier, has developed PYRATEX Bio, a collection of bio-based fabrics created from agri-waste PLA, eliminating extractive non-renewable petroleum-derived synthetics. PYRATEX bio-based fibres are 100% biodegradable and reduce water and energy consumption during the production process.&nbsp;</p>

PYRATEX Bio by PYRATES: Textiles made from agri-waste PLA 

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The Circular Fashion Partnership is a cross-sectoral initiative that aims to develop effective circular fashion systems by capturing and recycling post-industrial textile waste. This collaborative effort promotes best practices and helps drive the adoption of sustainable practices across Indonesia's fashion industry. 

**Get your circular activities on the map by adding your activities [here](https://knowledge-hub.circle-economy.com/CFPIndonesia/article/new).**

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Circular Fashion Partnership: Indonesia

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Impact on the quantity or quality of jobs, and shifts in the labour market

Jobs

Impact on the health and happiness of human populations

Well-being

Contributing to the improvement of biodiversity including species diversity, total number of protected species, and ecosystem health

Biodiversity

Using bio-based materials such as bioplastics, mushroom-based materials, etc.

Alternative bio-based materials and inputs

Enacting measures that optimise material use such as 3D printing, etc.

Material efficiency

Using <a href="https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals" target="_blank">materials that are not toxic or hazardous</a>.

Non-toxic materials and inputs

Enacting measures that optimise water use

Water efficiency

VISION:
People are valued and supported in an equitable, socially just and resilient society.

DETAIL:
Imagine a time when…people and communities are at the heart of any sustainable and circular system. The planet thrives, enabling us to survive with balance and abundance. People are no longer passive consumers, but proactive participants. The ‘makers’ who design, build, reprocess and recirculate products throughout the value chain are treated equally and are equitable partners in shaping and benefitting from the system. Textiles/garments can be produced and repurposed locally as well as centrally. A blend of craft methods alongside more automated production provides regionalised, multi-faceted perspectives and fulfilling livelihoods, be they high- or low-tech. Wealth gaps are minimised and dignity, equity, equality is a reality for all.

People and Society

**Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns**

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The world is seriously off track in its effort to halve per-capita food waste and losses by 2030.The COVID-19 pandemic has had significant impacts on consumption and production patterns, with disruptions to global supply chains and changes in consumer behaviour. 

Responsible consumption and production must be an integral part of the recovery from the pandemic. 
But the global economy also needs to speed up the decoupling of economic growth from resource use by maximizing the socio-economic benefits of resources while minimizing their negative impacts. 

Reporting on corporate sustainability has tripled since the beginning of the SDG period, but the private sector will need to significantly improve reporting on activities that contribute to the SDGs. 

This primarily entails environmentally sound management of "toxic chemicals" A substantial use of chemicals is essential to meet the social and economic goals of the world community, and these can be used with a high degree of safety when best practices are followed.  Gross chemical contamination, with grave damage to human health, genetic structures reproductive outcomes, and the environment, has been continuing within some of the world's most important industrial areas, and restoration will require major investment as well as the development of new techniques.
Effective control of the generation, storage, treatment, recycling and reuse, transport, recovery and disposal of hazardous wastes is another similar challenge. 
In addition,  solid wastes include all domestic refuse and non-hazardous wastes such as commercial and institutional wastes, street sweepings construction debris, and, in some countries, human wastes. As hazardous waste is frequently intermixed with other waste, this poses particular management challenges.
Finally, this target ensures that radioactive waste is safely managed, transported, stored and disposed of, with a view to protecting human health and the environment. 

To deliver SDG12, it is crucial to implement policies that support the shift to sustainable practices and decouple economic growth from resource use.

Sources: [https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal12](https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal12)
[https://sdgs.un.org/topics/chemicals-and-waste](https://sdgs.un.org/topics/chemicals-and-waste)

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12. Responsible consumption and production

Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns

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**These 17 Goals recognize that ending poverty and other deprivations must go hand-in-hand with strategies that improve health and education, reduce inequality, and spur economic growth – all while tackling climate change and working to preserve our oceans and forests.**

The SDGs build on decades of work by countries and the UN, and especially on the Millennium Declaration adopted in September 2000 at UN Headquarters in New York which let to the elaboration of eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) to reduce extreme poverty by 2015.

In 2015, the Paris Agreement was signed. A major blueprint came out of this: The Sustainable Development Goals: 17 overarching goals—and 169 targets—that governments are aiming to meet by 2030. Significant progress has been made in terms of poverty, health and inequality, but there's still a way to go. This is where the circular economy comes in: by circulating resources multiple times, the circular economy tackles issues of scarcity and allows all to access what they need—without overburdening the earth. If it's implemented in a holistic way—affording attention to social considerations and the fair distribution of resources— it also offers a pathway for achieving the SDGs; and the link between the two is ever-growing. To read more about the link between the SDGs and the circular economy, click [here](https://www.circle-economy.com/blogs/how-the-circular-economy-can-help-us-reach-the-sustainable-development-goals).

It is the Division for Sustainable Development Goals (DSDG) in the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA) which provides substantive support and capacity-building for the SDGs and their related thematic issues. TheDSDG plays a key role in the evaluation of UN systemwide implementation of the 2030 Agenda and in advocacy and outreach activities relating to the SDGs. In order to make the 2030 Agenda a reality, broad ownership of the SDGs must translate into a strong commitment by all stakeholders to implement the global goals. DSDG aims to help facilitate this engagement.
Alongside this, the annual High-level Political Forum on Sustainable Development serves as the central UN platform for the follow-up and review of the SDGs.
In addition, the UN Secretary-General presents an annual SDG Progress report, which is developed in cooperation with the UN System, and based on the global indicator framework and data produced by national statistical systems and information collected at the regional level.

To read more information: [https://sdgs.un.org/goals](https://sdgs.un.org/goals)

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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FLOCUS™ presents a range of kapok textile materials, which provide the textile industry with a naturally sustainable and regenerative alternative that has not been available before.Kapok Fiber is a pure and natural, non-food, vegan product. Developing the production of this material, in the countries where kapok trees grow, helps to regenerate communities and develop economic prosperity - as well as having a positive impact. FLOCUS™ encourages and enables the industry to choose its ingredients carefully. Kapok is given by nature, organic by default - helping the people, helping the planet.FLOCUS™ generates an efficient eco-system which avoids erosion, avoids deforestation, sequesters carbon and increases O2 in the atmosphere, preserves water, supports poly-cropping, organically fertilizes the land, saves agricultural land, and is completely sustainable and regenerative.

 Sheep Farming Has a Huge Carbon Footprint 
Sheep eat a lot – and as they digest their food, gases build up inside their intestines that must be expelled. So they burp and fart a lot, releasing enormous amounts of methane gas into the atmosphere. The UK’s vast sheep population (over 30 million) has been identified as a major contributor to climate change. One sheep can produce about 30 litres of methane each day. And in New Zealand, gases passed by animals – mostly sheep – make up more than 90 per cent of the nation’s total methane emissions.
Manure from sheep and other animals exploited on farms has significantly contributed to the increase in atmospheric greenhouse gases over the last 250 years. And excrement from sheep is also polluting our land, air, and water, causing eutrophication, a serious ecological problem that occurs when run-off waste causes excessive growth of plant life in water systems. This suffocates animals by depleting oxygen levels in the water and is the leading cause of “dead zones”.

 Wool Production Leads to Deforestation
Wool production gobbles up precious resources. Environmentalists are increasingly highlighting the negative impact of sheep farming on the landscape.
Land has been cleared and trees have been cut down to make room for grazing sheep, leading to increased soil salinity, erosion, and decreased biodiversity.
More land for sheep means less land for other animals. In England and Wales, farming has stripped almost the entire upland area of wildlife such as eagles and mountain hares. If we stopped exploiting sheep, this land could be returned to nature, allowing the re-establishment of forests, wetlands, and other vital natural habitats that provide wild animals with homes. Production Methods Release Toxic Chemicals 
Pesticides and insecticides are often used on sheep to keep them free of parasites. And once sheep have been shorn, their wool is scoured and washed using chemicals, which can also contaminate nearby water sources.
“Sheep dip” pesticides were named the major cause of a decline in numbers of brown trout in the River Teifi in Wales, while the use of dangerous organophosphate chemicals in the UK in the 1990s left hundreds of sheep farmers with debilitating health conditions.

Wool Production Is Cruel
On top of the wool trade’s horrendous environmental impact, sheep suffer terribly in the industry. PETA has released video exposés recorded at nearly 100 facilities on four continents revealing that sheep are mutilated, abused, and skinned alive – even for “responsibly sourced” wool on disingenuously named “sustainable” farms.
A World of Eco-Friendly Choices
Just as we’ve seen with the shift away from fur, angora wool, and mohair, consumers are increasingly looking to purchase clothes that are proudly consistent with their humane values and their concern for animals and nature. With a wide variety of eco-friendly choices available, including organic cotton, Tencel, bamboo, and hemp – ditching wool is easier than ever.
We recommend choosing environmentally friendly natural or recycled-synthetic materials. However, when consumers purchase clothing made with plastic or synthetics, the impact on our planet is still less than that of buying wool. According to the “Pulse of the Fashion Industry” report and the “Higg Materials Sustainability Index“, the greenhouse-gas emissions generated in wool production are far greater than those caused by the production of acrylic, nylon, viscose, and many other synthetic materials.
 What You Can Do 
Vegan fabrics are the future. They’re versatile and environmentally sound, and they don’t involve cruelty to animals. Check out our list of wool alternatives, and have a browse of the many “PETA-Approved Vegan” brands.
 Shop Vegan
Please also take action for sheep suffering in the wool industry – ask Forever 21 to ban wool:
 Take Action 

          
Why we love Natural Fibres...
Our material selection focusses on choosing the right fabrics to create the best product we can; product that lasts, is fit for purpose and has the least environmental impact possible.
Natural fibres are the perfect material to use for next-to-skin products. They are incredibly versatile, providing softness and strength as well as being good insulators, breathable and sweat wicking. They're also completely renewable, so the fibre can be replenished again and again.
In 2017, we made a commitment to reduce our reliance on conventional cotton and increase our use of alternative natural fibres, which require reduced water and pesticides to grow. In 2017 only 42% of our cotton range was organic, so we set ourselves the goal that by 2020 our entire cotton collection would be organic. But we're always striving for better, and we have now increased the use of natural fibres across our product range; widening our use of wool, linen, hemp and also kapok.
 
 Linen: The original fibre
Linen is the natural fibre derived from the flax plant. It is thought to be one of the oldest textile fibres in the world, most notably used by the ancient Egyptians. Linen fabrics are durable, long-lasting and soften over time, ageing with you. It’s an incredibly comfortable fibre to wear next to your skin, with a cool, smooth touch and, like wool, linen regulates temperature, so it’s cool and breathable in summer and insulating in winter.
It has a host of sustainable benefits too; the cultivation of flax requires no fertilisers, herbicides or pesticides and no irrigation (only rainwater) to grow. Plus, flax encourages biodiversity where it’s grown and is waste-free, as all parts of the plant can be used for textiles, food, paper and bio-oils.


            
The Riviera Linen Vest takes a classic tank top shape and combines it with our favourite 100% linen fabric. Soft, light and breathable, it'         Hemp: A fibre for the future
Like linen, hemp has been cultivated for thousands of years - one of the oldest relics of human activity is a piece of hemp fabric dating back to approximately 8,000 BC. It’s highly absorbent and can be blended with other natural fibres like cotton to create a soft but far more durable fabric.
In fact, hemp is six times stronger than cotton and far less intensive to cultivate. It is one of the highest yielding crops on the planet, but actually requires very little water and no chemical fertilisers or pesticides to grow. It even blocks weeds from growing, making it a great option for farmers to improve soil quality, and different parts of the plant can be used to make tens of thousands of products – not just textiles.
   Kapok: The world’s most sustainable fibre
Kapok fibres come from the seed pods of the Ceiba Pentandra, a tropical tree sustainably harvested in the rainforests of Asia. Incredibly light, soft, and buoyant, the material has many of the same properties of down and is sometimes referred to as silk cotton due to its fineness. It requires very little water or pesticides to grow and virtually no processing for fibre production - it's widely considered to be the most sustainable fibre on the market.
The only downside to the fibre is (ironically) its softness, which mean it is almost impossible to create a pure Kapok yarn. Blended with other fabrics though, it comes into its own, adding incredible softness to the material whilst cutting down considerably on water consumption. For example, if 1kg of cotton can produce 4 t-shirts, a 70:30 cotton/kapok blend will do the same, and save you 3000 litres of water. Bamboo: A technical fibre from trees
Bamboo has a host of natural properties that make it a fantastic fibre for clothing. Breathable, temperature regulating, antibacterial, moisture wicking, hypoallergenic – we could go on but we’d be here a while. Add to this its super soft texture and incredible comfort next to the skin and you’ll see why we love it.
It’s also one of the most renewable fibres on the planet. Fast growing, it requires very little water and no pesticides, removing as much CO2 from the atmosphere during growth as is created when it’s harvested.   
 More Natural Fibres...
Wool and organic cotton have been firm favourites at Finisterre for many years, making up a large part of our range. For more information on wool or organic cotton, visit their fabric pages here. 
Good With Wool   |   Organic Cotton
 

KAPOK flowers​ ​ A collaboration with Lenzing, Flocus, Marchi&Fildi and Studio MLR, PYRATEX® tropic I is a double face knit that can be easily recycled into reusable wood pulp to reach circular economy. It is made from Kapok flowers which grows naturally in tropical forests without any chemicals or pesticides. The modal fiber in the fabric comes from sustainable managed woods, certified by FSC and PEFC.  ​ Classified as a moisture management fabric, with the same values as conventional polyester and cellulosic blends, this fabric's isolating properties are due to the hollowness of the fiber, which is comparable to that of wool. It has excellent breathability, transferring imoisture from the skin into the atmosphere and drying extremely quickly.BREATHABILITY & RAPID SWEAT EVAPORATIONMoisture is wicked away and transferred into the atmosphereQUICK DRYKeeps the skin dry by absorbing the liquid from the body.Fuera de la galería

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<p>PYRATES, an R&amp;D company and textile supplier, has developed PYRATEX Tropics, a fabric collection containing a vegetal replacement for traditional wool. Collaborating with Lenzing, Flocus, Marchi&amp;Fildi and Studio MLR, PYRATEX Tropics uses fibres from the Kapok flower, a tree endemic to Indonesia, as a vegan wool alternative. The Kapok tree grows on non-agricultural land without human intervention.&nbsp;Harvested by local farmers, the tree remains untouched and continues to regenerate the ecosystem, preserving biodiversity and benefiting the local community.&nbsp;</p>