Circular Jobs, Understanding Employment in the Circular Economy in the Netherlands.pdf

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This collection comes from the <a href="https://www.circle-economy.com/circular-jobs-initiative/" target="_blank">Circular Jobs Initiative</a>, an initiative of Circle Economy.

The workforce is an essential lever for transforming our economy from linear to circular. The Circular Jobs Initiative aims to maximise the employment opportunities offered by the circular economy. It provides practical support and insights to businesses and governments that want to adopt circular strategies that have a positive social impact.The Circular Jobs Initiative works through three focus areas: 

- Upskilling the workforce

- Quality of work

- Inclusive job opportunities 

CJI has defined circular jobs as any occupation that directly involves or indirectly supports one of the strategies of the circular economy. It distinguishes between three types of circular jobs: core, enabling and indirectly circular jobs.

**Core circular jobs** are all jobs that ensure the closure of raw material cycles, including jobs in repair, renewable energy, waste and resource management. 

**‍Enabling circular jobs** are jobs that remove barriers for and enable the acceleration and upscaling of core circular activities, including jobs that arise in leasing, education, design and digital technology. 

**Indirectly circular jobs** are jobs that occur in other sectors that do not play a direct role in furthering the transition to the circular economy but can still adopt circular strategies. They include jobs that provide services to core circular strategies, including jobs in information services, logistics and the public sector.

The Knowledge Hub Collection includes examples of circular jobs, publications, reports, case studies and policies different organisations, governments and businesses are already using to advocate for a person-centred circular economy. 

Visit the <a href="https://www.circle-economy.com/circular-jobs-initiative/" target="_blank">Circular Jobs Initiative</a>

Visit the <a href="http://jobsmonitor.circle-economy.com/" target="_blank">Circular Jobs Monitor</a>

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Circular Jobs Initiative

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Article / Report

Impact on increased knowledge and understanding as a result of the case study

Increase Awareness

Impact on the quantity or quality of jobs, and shifts in the labour market

Jobs

Installing sensors to gather data from products and services to identify, enable and/or implement circular strategies (eg. effective resource use & logistics planning, circular business models & design)

Sensors, monitoring systems

Impacts

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The principles of a circular economy concern designing out waste, regenerating ecosystems and keeping items in use. Decoupling the economy from material flows—improving the rate of resource productivity faster than the economic growth rate—is also a consistent guide. By evolving with the growing number of applications of circular economy principles, and consolidating these strategies across thematic areas, Circle Economy’s Key Elements Framework (KE) renders the elements of the circular economy salient and serves as a basis to derive contextual strategies and interventions. 


The Framework consists of:
- Core Elements: Activities directly handling product or material flows; and uniquely,
- Enabling Elements: those that remove obstacles for core actors.


Key elements of the circular economy

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Circle Economy's framework of strategies and activities that define the circular economy

A transition to the circular economy is essential to fight climate change, resource depletion and achieve sustainable growth. To ensure that policymakers and governments know how and where to implement the circular economy effectively, there is a great need for practical tools to measure it.Method updateWith the aim of continuous improvement in monitoring jobs in the circular economy, Circle Economy updates its methodology for quantifying circular economy jobs on a yearly basis. Since the publication of this report, the results for the Netherlands have been recalculated based on the method update carried out in June 2020. It follows that the results shown in this report differ slightly from the ones displayed on the online monitor. Please explore the data online via the Circular Jobs Monitor where you can also download the updated data file. 

1. Understanding the Circular EconomyThe circular economy offers an alternative way to the linear ‘take-make-waste’ economy that is harming people and the environment. It seeks to extract the maximum value from resources in use and keeps materials in circulation for as long as possible. To this end, resources are not consumed and discarded, destroying their value. Rather, their value is retained by reusing, repairing, remanufacturing or recycling, as shown in the figure below:The value hill model proposes a categorisation based on lifecycle phases of a product in pre-, in- and post-use, and clarifies the systemic differences between the current linear economy and the circular economy that we are striving for.[1]The circular economy is no end-point, it is rather a process of transformation. By following circular strategies, organisations and businesses can render their processes increasingly circular and attain the highest level of economic and societal value. A piece of work by Circle Economy, Making Sense of the Circular Economy: The 7 Key Elements[2] conducted a literature review and mapped the various terms and definitions used by over 20 organisations - NGOs, government agencies, academia, consultancies, etc. - working on the circular economy. From this work emerged a framework for the circular economy - the DISRUPT Framework, and from this framework the description of a circular job were formulated. The DISRUPT model presented below describes the full breadth of relevant strategies that give direction to this transformative process. There are three core circular strategies (in light blue), which directly intervene in material cycles, and four enabling strategies (in dark blue), which serve to mainstream, accelerate and scale up the core circular strategies. 2. Definition of a Circular JobEmployment in the circular economy reflects the broad nature of the system, and can equally be defined according to the DISRUPT framework. The circular labour market, much like its linear counterpart, is comprised of all kinds of jobs in different sectors, ranging from manufacturing and creative industries to waste and resource management. Jobs in the circular economy, shortly ‘circular jobs’, are all jobs that contribute to one of the strategies of the DISRUPT framework. There are three types of circular jobs:Core circular jobs -These jobs ensure that raw material cycles are closed and thus form the core of the circular economy. They include jobs in renewable energy, repair and waste and resource management sectors. Examples of core circular jobs are displayed in light blue in the framework below.Enabling circular jobs- These jobs enable the acceleration and upscaling of core circular activities and thus form the supporting shell of the circular economy. They include jobs in leasing, engineering and digital technology - albeit only those that actually contribute to circularity. Examples of enabling circular jobs are displayed in dark blue in the framework below.Indirectly circular jobs - These jobs provide services to the primary circular activities above and thus form the activities that indirectly uphold the circular economy. They include, for example, jobs in education, logistics and the public sector. Examples of indirectly circular jobs are displayed in grey in the framework below.A circular job is any occupation that directly involves one of the elements of the circular economy or indirectly supports such activities.A direct circular job includes jobs that follow core and enabling circular economy strategies.An indirect circular job includes jobs that support the directly circular jobs.Indirect circular jobsThese jobs provide services to the primary circular activities above and thus form the activities that indirectly uphold the circular economy.The architect designs buildings to enable resource recovery after the building’s use phase and so designs for the future. The building information manager maintains data on construction components so as to keep track of these physical assets. They understand how to integrate and interpret virtual information management systems.The repair technician repairs appliances, machines or vehicles. They possess strong technical and manual skills which can be acquired through formal and informal education and training. The demand planner oversees supply and demand to make refurbishment a profitable business model. This role requires logical thinking and reasoning. The process operators sorts waste to be used in sellable products, for example to produce livestock feed from by-products from the food industry. This practically skilled job requires knowledge of the quality of incoming raw materials.The agronomic advisor supports healthy soil nourishment with organic fertiliser from composted manure and crop remnants. They come with interpersonal skills with ecological knowledge.The procurement professional stimulates demand for secondary materials and discerns and connects new suppliers in order to do this. This profile points to the need for entrepreneurial and interpersonal skills.The courier brings packages to and from consumers as part of a reverse logistics scheme that enable new business models. The teacher transfers knowledge and skills to the (future) workforce so as to equip workers with the skills for all circular economy strategies. Using this definition, the sectors of economic activity as defined by NACE (level 5) are classified as core circular, enabling circular, or indirectly circular, based on how well the sectors are connected to the DISRUPT Framework. An indication is provided in the table below, followed by a full extract of NACE Level 5 sectors mapped to the DISRUPT Framework.  Table 1: An indication of how sectors are mapped to the DISRUPT FrameworkCIRCULAR JOBECONOMIC SECTORCIRCULAR ECONOMY ELEMENTEXAMPLE SECTORS AND ACTIVITIESDIRECT CIRCULAR JOBSCORE SECTORSSustain and Preserve What’s Already ThereUse Waste as a ResourcePrioritise Regenerative ResourcesRepair ServicesRecycling Renewable EnergyENABLING SECTORDesign for the FutureIncorporate Digital TechnologyRethink the Business ModelTeam up to Create Joint ValueIndustrial Design and ArchitectureDigital TechnologyRenting or Leasing ActivitiesProfessional and Networking AssociationsINDIRECT CIRCULAR JOBSINDIRECT CIRCULAR SECTORSEducationGovernment ServicesProfessional ServicesTable 2: NACE Codes mapped to the DISRUPT FrameworkDISRUPT ElementCorresponding NACE Rev 2.1 CodesSustain and Preserve What’s Already There 33100; 33110; 33111; 33112; 33120; 33121; 33130; 33131; 33140; 33141; 33150; 33151; 33160; 33161; 33170; 33171; 33190; 33191; 45112; 45192; 45201; 45202; 45204; 45205; 45206; 45402; 47790; 47791; 47792; 47793; 95000; 95100; 95110; 95111; 95120; 95121; 95200; 95210; 95211; 95220; 95221; 95230; 95231; 95240; 95241; 95250; 95251; 95290; 95291; 95292; 95299Use Waste as a Resource36000; 36001; 36002; 36003; 37000; 37001; 37002; 37003; 38000; 38100; 38110; 38111; 38112; 38120; 38121; 38200; 38210; 38211; 38212; 38213; 38219; 38220; 38221; 38222; 38300; 38310; 38311; 38312; 38320; 38321; 38322; 38323; 38329; 39002; 43110; 43111; 46770; 46771; 46772; 46779Prioritise Regenerative Resources3511X[3]Design for the Future71110; 71111; 71112; 71120; 71121; 71129; 74100; 74100; 74101; 74102; 74103; 74104; 74105; 74109Incorporate Digital Technology61000; 61100; 61101; 61200; 61201; 61202; 61300; 61301; 61900; 61901; 62000; 62010; 62011; 62020; 62021; 62030; 62031; 62090; 62091; 63100; 63110; 63111; 63120; 63121; 63900Rethink the Business Model43996; 77200; 77210; 77211; 77212; 77213; 77220; 77221; 77290; 77291; 77292; 77293; 77294; 77295; 77296; 77299; 77300; 77310; 77311; 77320; 77321; 77330; 77331; 77340; 77341; 77350; 77351; 77390; 77391; 77392; 77393; 77394; 77399; 96010; 96011; 96012; 96013; 96014; 96015Team up to Create Joint Value94100; 94110; 94111; 94120; 94121; 94200; 942014. Quantifying Circularity For the core circular sectors, it is assumed that 100% of the jobs are circular. For the enabling circular and indirectly circular sectors; however, not all jobs are circular and it was necessary to analyse what percentage of the jobs within these sectors that can be considered circular. This analysis is done through the use of Input-Output Tables (IOTs).IOTs describe the economy as an integrated system of monetary transactions among industries, consumers and capital, with rows representing the ‘source’ of activity (industry output or supply) and columns representing the ‘destination’ (industry input or demand). The sectors in the rows and columns are classified using the NACE mapping indicated above. For an exhaustive theoretical background on IOTs and Input-Output Analysis (IOA), please refer to Miller and Blair (2009)[4]. Generally, IOTs are produced by National Statistical Institutes (NSI) and are therefore at the national level. Whenever the scope of the analysis is at a lower geographical level, i.e. regional or urban, the Spatial Microsimulation Urban Metabolism (SMUM) model by UNEP is used to downscale the intermediate demand matrix based on sector-specific employment data[5].Sector classifications can vary greatly between different IOTs. Most tables are specified at NACE level 2 or similar, as opposed to NACE level 5 as per the classification table. Because sectors at NACE level 2 are still quite broad and incorporate many sub-sectors, they can often be intended as a combination of core, enabling and indirect industries. In order to distinguish between sub-sectors, corresponding proportions must be applied to every row and every column to disaggregate the broad sectors, thereby exposing fully core, enabling and indirectly circular sectors. We calculate these proportions using granular employment figures at NACE level 5 and applying it to each NACE Level 2 sector. This transformation is displayed in the image below where Table 3 is transformed into Table 4.Table 3: Subset of Original IO Table Table 4: Subset of Original IO Table with Circular proportions appliedSector B - CoreSector B - EnablingSector B - IndirectlySector A - Core1050Sector A - Enabling55020Sector A - Indirectly0100Once the original table has been disaggregated to NACE level 5, we can determine the share of circular activity within a particular enabling or indirectly circular sector. The estimation of such circular employment shares is based on the inter-industry relationships between sectors and on the assumption that monetary transactions in the form of supply and demand of products/services are a proxy for employment generation. The estimation of circular employment shares follows two slightly different logics for enabling and indirectly.For Enabling sectors, we assume that the extent to which they can be considered circular is determined by the share of supply (output) of Enabling products/services to Core sectors over the total supply of Enabling products/services. This can be also be thought of as the (circular) market share of Enabling to Core sectors over the total Enabling output. For Indirectly circular sectors, we assume that the extent to which they can be considered circular is determined by the share of demand (input) of Indirectly circular sectors for Core product/services over the total demand of Indirectly circular sectors. This can also be thought of as the (circular) input coefficient of Indirectly circular sectors from Core over the total input of Indirectly circular sectors. Noticeably, we do not consider the interaction between Enabling sectors to classify as circular. Figure X presents a case-by-case graphic depiction of the logic.ENABLING CIRCULAR SECTORS LOGICCoreEnablingIndirectCoreABCTotal Core OutputsEnabling DEFTotal Enabling OutputsIndirectGHJTotal Indirectly OutputsTotal Core as InputsTotal Enabling as InputsTotal Indirect as inputsCoreEnabling D/(Total Enabling as outputs) = X%IndirectINDIRECTLY CIRCULAR SECTORS LOGICCoreEnablingIndirectCoreABCTotal Core OutputsEnabling DEFTotal Enabling OutputsIndirectGHJTotal Indirectly OutputsTotal Core as InputsTotal Enabling as InputsTotal Indirect as inputsCoreEnabling IndirectC/(Total Indirectly Outputs) = Y%The result of these operations are three matrices, one for each category, filled with coefficients ranging between 0 and 1; the product of these matrices is a single final circular coefficient matrix () which reflect the share of each transaction (and assuming full proportionality, also jobs) that can be considered circular.We move on by applying standard IO formulas for the calculation of the total industry output (x vector), Intermediate coefficient matrix (A matrix) and Leontief inverse or total requirement matrix (L matrix). Each element of L is also known as total requirement multiplier:Where  is the intermediate demand matrix, is the final demand matrix,  is a summation vector,  is the diagonalised inverse of the total output and  is the identity matrix with same shape of .We then apply the circular coefficients to the Leontief inverse by multiplying the two and create a new counterfactual matrix which only considers the circular share of each total requirement multiplier, that is the “circular” requirement multiplier:Where is the circular coefficient matrix and  is the counterfactual Leontief inverse matrix. Finally, we apply the standard IO formula for calculating the total stressor in a system:Where  is the row vector of employment intensities (number of FTE jobs per unit of sector output), is the counterfactual circular requirement matrix , is the final demand matrix,  is a summation vector and  is the matrix of circular employment by sector.5. Advantages and limitationsThe approach holds advantages and limitations:The method employs macro-economic data, which is up to date, reliable and existing data to calculate the amount of jobs in the circular economy. There is no need to collect new data, a time intensive and costly process.This data is structured following the NACE an internationally standardised classification system. This allows for replication and comparison of results over time and across borders.The method employs a proxy to calculate the circular share of jobs in enabling and indirect circular sectors. This proxy is derived from economic interaction between sectors (see method description IOA above) and can therefore lead to an under- or overestimation of circular jobs in enabling and indirect circular sectors.The method consists of an original application of IOA, which has to date not been validated by a larger scientific community and therefore still highly uncertain. Additionally, the method inherits all the assumptions and constructs behind the production of IOTs.[6]The method scales down and aggregates employment data based on monetary information. The relationship between employment and monetary transactions rests on the following assumptions:Employment is a good proxy for downscaling national IOTs to lower geographical scopes. Employment is a good proxy for disaggregating sectors in IOT, which implies full proportionality between monetary transactions and employment. Volume of monetary transactions is a good proxy for estimating the number jobs (for the estimation of circular market shares and input coefficients), which again implies full proportionality between monetary transactions and employment. The method takes into account only domestic flows and therefore does not account for circular employment implications related to trade with other countries (import and export). Considering both the opportunities and limitations, the method employed for this monitor forms the basis - and first iteration - of a monitoring practice for employment in the circular economy. 6. Territories on display on the monitorThe monitor displays results from the above analysis across three levels of territory. These territories correspond to the administrative boundaries of the region under study, and are selected to support insights generation or decision making for visitors to the monitor.In Europe, we apply the Eurostat's Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS) regions and display NUTS0 - NUTS2 - NUTS3, where NUTS0 refers to the state boundaries.Although these levels aim to describe regions at all hierarchical levels, the regions at a given level can differ significantly with respect to land area, population, economic strength and administrative importance. We adjust the three tiers on display according to the needs of the region under study. For example: Scotland, is a NUTS1 region of the United Kingdom (NUTS0). Here we display NUTS1-NUTS2-NUTS3Cornwall and Isles of Scilly is already a NUTS3 region. We applied the calculation at that level and do not show aggregated figures for surrounding regions, or other regions in the same NUTS0 territory i.e. across the United Kingdom.6. Updates to the methodologyWith the aim of continuous improvement in monitoring jobs in the circular economy, Circle Economy updates its methodology for quantifying circular economy jobs on a yearly basis. It therefore follows that in some cases the results shown in reports using previous versions of the methodology may differ from the ones displayed on the online Circular Jobs Monitor. In these cases, we include a method update notice on the landing page of all relevant reports. [3] The Renewable Electricity Production Sector Codes at NACE Level 5 are not standardised, therefore bottom up data is used to establish proxy codes of 35111 - Production of Non Renewable Electricity, and 35112 - Production of Renewable Electricity.[4] Miller, R. E., & Blair, P. D. (2009). Input-output analysis: foundations and extensions. Cambridge university press.[5] https://resourceefficientcities.org/resources/smum/ [6] Miller, R. E., & Blair, P. D. (2009). Input-output analysis: foundations and extensions. Cambridge university press.

‍The circular economy presents labour markets with varying opportunities, including generating jobs in service and labour intensive industries and redistributing jobs across geographies. But to tap into this potential, we need to gather evidence on which circular jobs and skills currently exist in specific sectors and territories. Which jobs are already part of the circular economy? Where are these jobs located? How are these jobs distributed across sectors and how are they related to circular strategies? The Circular Jobs Monitor is an online tool that gathers, displays, and keeps track of the number and range of jobs that are part of the circular economy. It provides policymakers, economists, and labour organisations with insights into the relationship between the circular economy and the labour market. These insights facilitate the design of evidence-based strategies for promoting the circular economy, required education pathways, and a benchmark of current circular activity against which to monitor future progress. Quantifying the circular economy in terms of its impact on jobs can strengthen the argument for businesses and governments to focus on circular economy activities. ‍Users of the Circular Jobs Monitor‍Policymakers use the monitor to:Provide a starting point to define which sectors should be included in circular strategy developmentMonitor the progress of circular economy policies and impact on the labour market, when data is reviewed regularly ‍Economists and labour organisations use the monitor to:Access dataUnderstand the geographic distribution of circular jobsAlign their efforts with the skills needs of different regions, industries and sectorsAttain a baseline for defining sectors for scenario modelling ‍How to interpret data on the Circular Jobs Monitor‍The Circular Jobs Monitor uses Circle Economy's definition of circular jobs: a circular job is any occupation that is directly involved in or indirectly supports a circular economy strategy, such as renewable energy, repair or recycling. We distinguish between three types of circular jobs: core, enabling and indirectly circular jobs.
 Read more about circular jobs 
‍‍The Circular Jobs Monitor classifies over 2000 sectors using industry standard classification systems, such as The Statistical Classification of Economic Activities (NACE). It can be used to map the amount and distribution of circular jobs in any territory, whether it be a city, region or nation.  For each territory that is entered on the monitor, an overall number and percentage of circular jobs are generated. This total is also broken down by sector, circular economy strategies and across core, enabling and indirectly circular jobs. The monitor also allows you to explore how circular jobs are distributed across regions, provinces and down to the municipal level.
 Dive into a snapshot of data currently on the monitor 
‍What users say about the Circular Jobs Monitor‍’Measuring the state of the circular economy is difficult, but has been crucial for understanding the progress Scotland is making in realising the circular economy. The methodology has helped us get a sense of where Scotland’s labour market is now and how we can measure progress in the future. The Circular Jobs Monitor makes our results accessible to an international audience and enables us to see regional variations that can support policy development.’  - Leonore te Bokkel, Assistant Economist, Zero Waste Scotland‍’The Circular Jobs Monitor provides Cornwall Council with the opportunity to make decisions that will further enhance our development of a sustainable and circular economy for Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly.’ - Peter Lefort, Cornwall Council's Carbon Neutral Cornwall Sector and Partnerships LeadThe monitor currently provides data for several territories in Northern Europe and North America. We are now looking to expand to territories across the globe and to allow for deeper analyses, including for observing trends and evolutions in the labour market over time. To do so, we require both local collaborations and access to employment data.‍Would you like to help us grow the Circular Jobs Monitor? There are various ways to collaborate with us and we value all contributions. Get in touch today to explore adding a new region or country to the monitor, or other opportunities for collaboration.

Netherlands

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OUR MISSION IS TO ACCELERATE THE PRACTICAL AND SCALABLE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY

At Circle Economy, we believe in a visionary future for our planet — one in which we do not have to compromise in order to achieve economic, social, and environmental prosperity. As an impact organisation, we connect and empower a global community to create the conditions for systemic transformation. With nature as our mentor, we work alongside businesses, cities and governments to identify opportunities to make the transition to the circular economy, and provide a powerful combination of practical and scalable solutions to turn these opportunities into reality.
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Our mission is to empower a global community of businesses, cities and governments to accelerate the transition to the circular economy through practical and scalable insights and solutions that address humanity’s greatest challenges.

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Circle Economy

The Goldschmeding Foundation for People, Work and Economy is working towards an inclusive and sustainable world based on the conviction that a better world is reached when people serve each other’s interests. To this they support innovative field projects and excellent scientific research within the themes Inclusiveness, Circular Economy and Humane Economy.

Goldschmeding Foundation

The Erasmus Happiness Economics Research Organisation (EHERO) is a scientific institute where happiness is studied. Happiness is defined as the subjective enjoyment of one's life as a whole.

The mission of EHERO is to contribute to greater happiness for a greater number of people. EHERO does this by providing evidence based knowledge about happiness, with the aim of promoting better informed choices throughout society, be it at the level of governments, organizations or individuals.

EHERO provides knowledge in three ways, by 1) gathering existing knowledge, 2) developing new knowledge, and 3) sharing knowledge.

EHERO is based in Erasmus School of Economics at Erasmus University Rotterdam. Part of the staff and affiliates of EHERO works in other faculties of Erasmus University and in other universities.

The Erasmus Happiness Economics Research Organisation (EHERO)

A transition to the circular economy is essential to fight climate change, resource depletion, and achieve inclusive growth. The circular development of cities plays a pivotal role in this transition and provides unique opportunities for a sustainable future. To ensure that policy makers and governments know how and where to implement the circular economy, practical tools to measure it must be created. In light of this, Circle Economy and the Erasmus Research Institute for Happiness Economics (Ehero, part of the Erasmus University Rotterdam) have spearheaded research on employment in the circular economy. This report defines the key jobs in the circular economy and presents a standardised and replicable methodology to measure and monitor circular employment in cities around the world. This could provide cities with insights into circular employment in terms of shifting labour markets and changing demands for knowledge and skills. The presented method therefore empowers cities and governments that are transitioning to circularity, by providing them with a tool to effectively invest in the jobs of the future.

Circular Jobs, Understanding Employment in the Circular Economy in the Netherlands

The Role of Municipal Policy in the Circular Economy.pdf

Provide guidance or professional training to educate employees to use circular economy principles

Training on the circular economy

Roadmaps and strategies and targets

Participatory governance mechanisms

Grant funding

Public-private partnerships

Subsidies

A framework of policy instruments that enabled and encourage the transition to the circular economy

Policies

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A framework of policy instruments that enable and stimulate the transition to the circular economy

This report explores the connection between municipalities pursuing circular economy policy and investments in circular business that create jobs. In order to maximise the benefits for society of the circular economy, municipalities can employ a series of regulatory, economic and soft instruments. Municipal circular policies, especially strategy, targets, loans and subsidies, are conducive to generating employment.

LuisSosaResearch Analyst Circular Jobs Initiative

This report explores the connection between municipalities pursuing circular economy policy and investments in circular business that create jobs. In order to maximise the benefits for society of the circular economy, municipalities can employ a series of regulatory, economic and soft instruments. Municipal circular policies, especially strategy, targets, loans and subsidies, are conducive to generating employment.

The Role of Municipal Policy in the Circular Economy

Impact on the health and happiness of human populations

Well-being

Contribution to social parity, or impact on social disparity

Equality

Utilising data and models to to identify, enable and/or implement circular strategies (eg. effective resource use & logistics planning, circular business models & design)

Data analytics, modelling

Encourage workplace training

Data, knowledge & information sharing

Increase standardised data collection

Metrics and indicators to measure progress

The Circular Jobs Initiative is working towards a positive transition to circularity for work and workers. The initiative is a knowledge centre that combines academic knowledge with practical piloting, working in collaboration with a network of stakeholders. Through the lens of the initiative's three core pillars—skilling, quality of jobs and inclusivity—Jobs & Skills in the Circular Economy: State Of Play And Future Pathways provides an overview of how current labour market issues apply to the circular economy transition, the opportunities that circularity presents for the labour market and the challenges that need to be overcome to achieve a future labour market that enables people and the planet to thrive.Learn more about the Circular Jobs Initiative.

Through the lens of three focus areas—skills, quality of work and inclusivity—this report provides an overview of how current labour market issues apply to the circular economy transition, the opportunities that circularity presents for the labour market and the challenges that need to be overcome to achieve a future labour market that enables people and the planet to thrive. As such, this report forms a consolidated and focused agenda for Circle Economy’s Circular Jobs Initiative and the change we are seeking to achieve over the short to medium-term, both as Circle Economy and in collaboration with our partners.As such, this report forms a consolidated and focused agenda for Circle Economy’s Circular Jobs Initiative and the change we are seeking to achieve over the short to medium-term, both as Circle Economy and in collaboration with our partners.&nbsp;The ambitions in this report were developed in collaboration with over 50 cross-sector organisations, through individual interviews and roundtable consultations held at the end of 2019, supported by an extensive literature review.&nbsp;

Jobs & Skills in the Circular Economy: State Of Play And Future Pathways

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Impacts on the social fabric of the community and well-being of the individuals and families.

Social Impact

Impacts on the financial condition of a company, as well as the the economicconditions of its stakeholders and on economic systems at local, national, andglobal levels.

Economic Impact

Solidify definitions and create frameworks to support the understanding of the circular economy across contexts and maintain cohesive systems of data sharing, processing and storing.


 Knowledge Management

A shift to a circular economy will impact labour markets around the world: while some jobs will disappear or change in nature, new jobs will emerge. Certain combinations of skills will become more important, and workers and employers will be required to develop new mindsets to adapt to changing working practices. But what are circular jobs exactly? And how can we ensure the transition to the circular economy is positive for work and workers? Our circular jobs definition framework defines circular jobs, with examples of jobs that contribute to the circular economy, and explains how this is used in Circle Economy's Circular Jobs Monitor, an online tool that gathers and displays the number and range of jobs that are part of the circular economy.

A shift to a circular economy will impact labour markets around the world: while some jobs will disappear or change in nature, new jobs will emerge. Certain combinations of skills will become more important, and workers and employers will be required to develop new mindsets to adapt to changing working practices. But what are circular jobs exactly? And how can we ensure the transition to the circular economy is positive for work and workers? Our circular jobs definition framework defines circular jobs, with examples of jobs that contribute to the circular economy, and explains how this is used in Circle Economy's Circular Jobs Monitor, an online tool that gathers and displays the number and range of jobs that are part of the circular economy. A circular job is any occupation that directly involves or indirectly supports one of the strategies of the circular economy. We differentiate between three types of circular jobs: core, enabling and indirectly circular jobs.• Core circular jobs are all jobs that ensure the closure of raw material cycles, including jobs in repair, renewable energy, waste and resource management. They form the core of the circular economy. • Enabling circular jobs are jobs that remove barriers for and enable the acceleration and upscaling of core circular activities, including jobs that arise in leasing, education, design and digital technology. They form the supporting shell of the circular economy.• Indirect circular jobs are jobs that indirectly uphold the circular economy. These jobs occur in other sectors that do not play a direct role in furthering the transition to the circular economy but can still adopt circular strategies. They include jobs that provide services to core circular strategies, including jobs in information services, logistics and the public sector.

Circular Jobs Definition Framework

Engaging in discussions with industry stakeholders to share circular economy best practices and push the industry towards greater circularity

Guidance, dialogue with industry stakeholders

Engaging in discussions with government bodies and policymakers to push for regulations that support the circular economy

Advocacy for circular economy policy

Govern the Transition

 Convene Towards Action

Advocate for circular change

Raise awareness and run information campaigns about  strategies for and impacts of the circular economy in different contexts.

Communication and awareness

The circular economy changes industries and labour markets. This briefing lays out six ways social partners, such as trade and labour unions, can ensure a Just Transition to the circular economy.‍6 steps towards a Just TransitionBeing in the centre of workers, businesses and governments, social partners are well positioned to:Translate circular challenges into opportunitiesCreate access to training and upskilling opportunitiesAct as a redistributive powerLimit trade-offs between social and environmental targetsConnect stakeholders through social dialoguePromote Industry 5.0‍In addition, the briefing provides an overview of key considerations social partners should take into account when designing interventions and steering social dialogue. These range from skills to legal barriers.‍Circular Jobs InitiativeCircle Economy is actively strengthening evidence on the shift in and demand for jobs and skills in a circular economy. Our Circular Jobs Initiative defines and identifies circular jobs, analyses the environment needed to create them and maximise their societal benefits, and examines how best technology can play a positive part. We work with employers, workers, governments, multilateral organisations, education institutions and research organisations.‍

This brief lays out the opportunities and&nbsp;challenges that come with adopting a more&nbsp;circular economy, and how organised labour&nbsp;and social partners can become central&nbsp;actors in a just transition to circularity and in building back better in the post-covid world.&nbsp;In addition, the briefing provides an overview of key considerations social partners should take into account when designing interventions and steering social dialogue. These range from skills to legal barriers. Being in the centre of workers, businesses and governments, social partners are well positioned to: 1. Translate circular challenges into opportunities 2. Create access to training and upskilling opportunities 3. Act as a redistributive power 4. Limit trade-offs between social and environmental targets 5. Connect stakeholders through social dialogue 6. Promote Industry 5.0

Labour market impacts on the circular economy: A briefing for social partners on shaping the future of the circular economy

Direct and indirect reduction in economic costs

Cost Savings

Efficiency gains on operations or transactions either through cultural or technological shifts

Productivity

Industry peers to industry peer collaboration to create joint value and identify synergies

Industry collaboration

Voluntary agreements around circular ambitions

People make the circular economy go round. That's why businesses must put people first as they design circular models and strategies. This briefing lays out six ways HR professionals can shape organisational culture and build human capital for a circular economy.6 ways HR can shape the circular economyHRM practices that are well aligned with circular business models will be an important precondition for sustainable and competitive organisations. HR can play a key role in developing, reinforcing and shifting the culture of organisations towards more sustainable, circular principles. By linking workers, managers, and business departments, HR professionals can:Provide support through long-term strategyBridge the skills gapManage projects and mentor workersPromote circular valuesBuild and contribute to a circular HRM networkPromote Industry 5.0The briefing further identifies steps HR professionals need to take to move towards truly circular HRM, ranging from understanding skills needs to rethinking performance management.‍Circular Jobs InitiativeCircle Economy is actively strengthening evidence on the shift in and demand for jobs and skills in a circular economy. Our Circular Jobs Initiative defines and identifies circular jobs, analyses the environment needed to create them and maximise their societal benefits, and examines how best technology can play a positive part. We work with employers, workers, governments, multilateral organisations, education institutions and research organisations.

Decisions around the implementation of circular business models often focus on the use of natural capital and the optimisation of technical capital. Much less attention is given to how circular business models impact jobs and the world of work, and even less to what this means for HR practices. This briefing lays out key considerations for HR professionals interested in or working with circular business models. The briefing further identifies steps HR professionals need to take to move towards truly circular HRM, ranging from understanding skills needs to rethinking performance management. HRM practices that are well aligned with circular business models will be an important precondition for sustainable and competitive organisations. HR can play a key role in developing, reinforcing and shifting the culture of organisations towards more sustainable, circular principles. By linking workers, managers, and business departments, HR professionals can: 1. Provide support through long-term strategy 2. Bridge the skills gap 3. Manage projects and mentor workers 4. Promote circular values 5. Build and contribute to a circular HRM network 6. Promote Industry 5.0

Circular Human Resource Management: A briefing for HR professionals on shaping the future of the circle economy.

Circle Economy's Circular Jobs Monitor gathers and displays the number and range of jobs that are part of the circular economy. This bulletin introduces the monitor and provides a snapshot of data that was entered on the monitor in 2020. This includes data for several territories in Northern Europe and North America, including Amsterdam, Flanders, Scotland and New York City. For each territory that is entered on the monitor, an overall number and percentage of circular jobs are generated. This total is also broken down by sector, circular economy strategies and across core, enabling and indirectly circular jobs. The Circular Jobs Monitor provides policymakers, economists, and labour organisations with insights into the relationship between the circular economy and the labour market. These insights can facilitate the design of evidence-based strategies for promoting the circular economy, required education pathways, and a benchmark of current circular activity against which to monitor future progress.

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Amsterdam

Scotland

New York

Flanders

Circle Economy's Circular Jobs Monitor gathers and displays the number and range of jobs that are part of the circular economy. The bulletin introduces the monitor and produces a snapshot of data that was entered on the monitor in 2020. This includes data for several territories in Northern Europe and North America, including Amsterdam, Flanders, Scotland and New York City. For each territory that is entered on the monitor, an overall number and percentage of circular jobs are generated. This total is also broken down by sector, circular economy strategies and across core, enabling and indirectly circular jobs.

Circular Jobs Bulletin: 2020

Research and facilitate new technological developments to aid the transition to a circular economy.

Research and Development

Visions and Ambitions

'Regulate' changes the rules of the systems to achieve compliance through enforcement. 


Regulate

This report by the Circular Jobs Initiative finds that combining the social and the circular economy agendas can facilitate an inclusive, just and safe labour market. Based on case studies of social enterprises and cooperatives engaged in circular activities, the report explores how the circular economy can benefit from integrating and collaborating with social economy organisations. While the social aspects of the circular economy remain underexplored, the social economy holds vital expertise that is needed to create the conditions, frameworks, and protections to ensure a just transition to circularity. The report provides recommendations for entrepreneurs, local and national policymakers to help them understand how they can be part of an ethical and inclusive circular economy.

This report by the Circular Jobs Initiative finds that combining the social and the circular economy agendas can facilitate an inclusive, just and safe labour market. Based on case studies of social enterprises and cooperatives engaged in circular activities, the report explores how the circular economy can benefit from integrating and collaborating with social economy organisations. While the social aspects of the circular economy remain under-explored, the social economy holds vital expertise that is needed to create the conditions, frameworks, and protections to ensure a just transition to circularity. The report provides recommendations for entrepreneurs, local and national policymakers to help them understand how they can be part of an ethical and inclusive circular economy. Case studies include: - Makers Unite, a creative platform and social enterprise that works with skilled newcomers in the Netherlands with a refugee background to create sustainable products from upcycled waste products.- Payoga-Kapatagan, a cooperative in the North Philippines that works with farmers in the local area to adopt organic farming methods and technology.- Koopera-Innovacion Social y Ambiental, a second-tier cooperative in Spain and Chile with three business lines: environmental services (reuse and recycling), second-hand store, and personal and home care.

The Social Economy: a means for inclusive and decent work in the circular economy?

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This collection features a selection of case studies, mainly based on the [2024 Circularity Gap Report](https://www.circularity-gap.world/2024). 

In this year’s Report, we shift from exploring the what to the how: exploring the different ways that we need to ‘change the rules of the game’ and create a set of conditions that discourage the overshoot of planetary boundaries and ‘undershoot’ of human development. This process has resulted in us spotlighting 12 of the original 16 solutions, highlighting the country profile that they are most relevant to, as well as placing people at the centre of this story for the first time. Based on extensive interviews and desk research, this Report aims to show governments and industry leaders that if they want to turn theory into action and scale an economy that delivers on needs within the safe limits of the planet, they need to dismantle harmful entrenched processes and align enabling elements. 

[Circle Economy](https://www.circle-economy.com/) is a global impact organisation with an international team of passionate experts based in Amsterdam. We empower industries, cities, and nations with practical and scalable solutions to put the circular economy into action. Our vision is an economic system that ensures the planet and all people can thrive. To avoid climate breakdown, our goal is to double global circularity by 2032. 

Through the *Circularity Gap Reporting Initiative*, our mission is to deliver an annual global Circularity Metric that measures the state of the world economy and identifies key levers to transition to global circularity. 

To learn more about these interventions to accelerate the circular transition, read the [latest Circularity Gap Report 2024](https://www.circularity-gap.world/2024), as well as previous editions of the global [Circularity Gap Reports](https://www.circularity-gap.world/global).

Global Circularity Gap Report 2024

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Policy case

Producing building materials and providing services to create residential and non-residential infrastructure and real estate


Construction and Infrastructure

Providing residential and non-residential construction services, such as architectural, engineering, planning, real-estate, contracting, and inspection services

Construction and Real Estate Services

'Inform' increases the overall levels of awareness and builds the necessary skills and knowledge around the circular economy to foster long-term change.

Inform

Integrate principles of circularity into primary, secondary and tertiary curriculum and conduct workplace trainings

 Education and Curriculum

These countries are home to around a quarter of the global population, yet consume over one-third (34%) of raw materials. Shift countries’ material footprint per capita is 4.6 times that of Build countries (largely due to the overconsumption of consumer goods imported from Grow counties) and 1.6 times that of Grow countries.

These are high-income countries in the Global North, as well as in the Gulf, Australia, and Oceania. Examples include:
- Member States of the EU
- the US
- Japan
- the UK
- Canada
- Argentina, ...

While much of their infrastructure is already built, they still contribute heavily to the overshoot of planetary boundaries: they contribute 42% of climate change, 27% of nitrogen, 18% of phosphorus, 16% of freshwater use and 38% of land use change.

To find out what country profile your country belongs to, explore [this interactive story](https://circularity-gap.world) and search for your country on the final map.  


Shift

The built environment, including housing, commercial buildings, and the necessary infrastructure for mobility, is essential for our livelihoods, but:
- the extraction of minerals used to produce construction materials is responsible for a quarter of global land use change,
- approximately 40% of global GHG emissions can be attributed to buildings’ construction, use and demolition, and
- construction and demolition processes drive nearly one-third of all material consumption. 

Making the built environment more circular must prioritise a heavy reduction in material use—while also closing the loop on materials and bringing secondary and renewable material choices to the fore. Our four key solutions for the built environment are:
- Make the most of what already exists: Make the most of existing materials by reusing, repurposing, upgrading and renovating following circular approaches. Where new builds are needed, use secondary materials and be as efficient as possible with urban planning solutions that follow circular design principles so that buildings can be reused, repurposed, and easily disassembled in the future.
- Be as energy efficient as possible: From the design phase, utilise circular strategies to create material- and energy efficient buildings. Couple these designs with a rollout of clean energy solutions, and prioritise energy-efficient appliances and retrofitting. 
- Utilise secondary materials: Maximise the high-value reuse of buildings and components where possible. Ideally, enable the utilisation of construction and demolition outputs and ensure that as much of it as possible is recycled to avoid the need for virgin materials, such as sand and gravel.
- Prioritise circular materials and approaches: Transition to using renewable wood, timber or cross-laminated timber instead of steel and concrete, or move to other locally available materials. Utilise mainstream modular construction and prioritise lightweight frames and structures to reduce cement and steel use, as well as green roofs where possible.



🏢 Built Environment

The built environment, including housing, commercial buildings, and the necessary infrastructure for mobility, is essential for our livelihoods, but:
- the extraction of minerals used to produce construction materials is responsible for a quarter of global land use change,
- approximately 40% of global GHG emissions can be attributed to buildings’ construction, use and demolition, and
- construction and demolition processes drive nearly one-third of all material consumption. 

Making the built environment more circular must prioritise a heavy reduction in material use—while also closing the loop on materials and bringing secondary and renewable material choices to the fore. Our four key solutions for the built environment are:
- Make the most of what already exists: Make the most of existing materials by reusing, repurposing, upgrading and renovating following circular approaches. Where new builds are needed, use secondary materials and be as efficient as possible with urban planning solutions that follow circular design principles so that buildings can be reused, repurposed, and easily disassembled in the future.
- Be as energy efficient as possible: From the design phase, utilise circular strategies to create material- and energy efficient buildings. Couple these designs with a rollout of clean energy solutions, and prioritise energy-efficient appliances and retrofitting. 
- Utilise secondary materials: Maximise the high-value reuse of buildings and components where possible. Ideally, enable the utilisation of construction and demolition outputs and ensure that as much of it as possible is recycled to avoid the need for virgin materials, such as sand and gravel.
- Prioritise circular materials and approaches: Transition to using renewable wood, timber or cross-laminated timber instead of steel and concrete, or move to other locally available materials. Utilise mainstream modular construction and prioritise lightweight frames and structures to reduce cement and steel use, as well as green roofs where possible.


🏢 Built environment

Based on extensive interviews and desk research, this Report aims to show governments and industry leaders that if they want to turn theory into action and scale an economy that delivers on needs within the safe limits of the planet, they need to dismantle harmful entrenched processes and align enabling elements - policy, finance, and people

- Build circular expertise and skills: Ensure people are skilled and trained to ensure a just transition where opportunities and decent livelihoods are fairly distributed across and within societies.


People

Industries

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 Project
Resilient City Leestijd: 2 minuten 
 
 Van september 2020 tot februari 2021 vond een ronde van de TIP Community plaats die specifiek gericht was op Circulair Bouwen. Onder begeleiding van Cora Jongenotter maakte een team van vier studenten en vijf young professionals kennis met circulair bouwen en het ontwikkelen van toepassingsgerichte kennis.
 Het doel van TIP Circulair binnen Bouw & Innovatie, opleiding Bouwkunde, is het vormgeven van een kenniscommunity rond de circulaire economie en zo toepassingsgerichte kennis integreren in het mkb. Wat verandert er voor beroepen in de circulaire economie en hoe kunnen we dat vertalen naar de beroepsprofielen? Tijdens de bijeenkomsten besteedden we eveneens aandacht aan ‘Circular Skills’ en hoe we die skills kunnen inbedden, waardoor meerwaarde voor de student én de vakman ontstaat. De hogeschool werkte hierin samen met de organisatie Leren voor morgen.
Om inhoud te kunnen geven aan een dergelijke community is het van belang dat de deelnemers weten hoe ze hun collega’s en medestudenten in beweging krijgen. Daarnaast biedt de hogeschool masterclasses aan op het gebied van de circulaire economie die een bredere blik bieden dan het thema bouw. Kortom: TIP Circulair biedt kennis en vaardigheden om de circulaire economie verder te ontwikkelen.
Hoe werkt TIP in de praktijk?
Gedurende één dagdeel per week werkten studenten aan de kenniscommunity en kennisontwikkeling. Eén dagdeel per twee weken sloten zowel young professionals als kennispartners aan. De opdracht die de studenten van hun stagebedrijf meekregen, vormde hierin de rode draad.

Masterclasses
Gedurende twintig weken en tien masterclasses namen we de studenten mee in trends en ontwikkelingen binnen de circulaire economie. De sprekers tijdens de masterclasses werden geselecteerd vanuit een brede oriëntatie en afkomstig uit het bedrijfsleven en de wetenschap.
Drijfverentest
Een belangrijk uitgangspunt van de masterclasses is de drijfverentest. Drijfveren zijn een belangrijke factor in het begrijpen van gedrag, zowel bij onszelf als bij de mensen om ons heen. Waarom reageert iedereen anders op dezelfde situatie? Waarom is het met sommige mensen lastig samenwerken en loopt het met anderen juist op rolletjes? De antwoorden liggen vaak in een verschil in drijfveren. De uitkomst van de test is een drijfverenprofiel. Jouw combinatie van drijfveren maakt dat je de dingen doet zoals je ze doet en ze als juist ziet en ervaart. Door kennis en ervaring te verbinden aan drijfveren leerden we op welke manier we het geleerde kunnen delen en zo kennis verspreiden als een olievlek.
Nieuwe ronde
In september 2021 gaat een nieuwe ronde TIP Circulair van start rond digitale ketensamenwerking. Heb je interesse in deelname of wil je meer weten, neem dan contact op met Cora Jongenotter.
Lees ook het artikel over TIP Circulair op Constructif
Lees over TIP Circulair in de position paper van Circle Economy
 

   Voor meer informatie over Circular Skills kun je contact opnemen met projectmanager Dit e-mailadres wordt beveiligd tegen spambots. JavaScript dient ingeschakeld te zijn om het te bekijken.. Wil je op de hoogte blijven van Circular Skills? Meld je dan hieronder aan voor de nieuwsbrief! Nieuwsbrief Circular Skills Welke vaardigheden zijn benodigd in de transitie naar een circulaire economie? Hoe zijn deze vaardigheden te verankeren in het beroepsonderwijs? En wat hebben docenten nodig om jongeren op te kunnen leiden tot circulaire vakmensen? Met Circular Skills werkt Leren voor Morgen aan het overbruggen van de kloof tussen het beroepsonderwijs en de beroepspraktijk in de circulaire economie. Dat doen we door de belangrijkste vaardigheden in kaart te brengen en deze te verankeren in het onderwijsproces. Daarbij gaat het om zowel technische, vakinhoudelijke kennis van de nieuwste innovaties als om generieke, vakoverstijgende competenties voor een nieuwe samenleving en economie. Op kennisplatform Guides vind je een actueel overzicht van Circular Skills projecten.     

Dutch Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment

Leren voor Morgen is an Utrecht-based cooperative working on education for sustainable development in the Netherlands. Over 100 member organisations collaborate on projects to drive systemic change in the field of education, from pre-school to university and lifelong-learning programs. Leren voor Morgen acts as the national coordinator for the implementation in the Netherlands of Sustainable Development Goal 4, Quality Education.

Leren voor Morgen

Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences (Hogeschool Rotterdam) has more than 39,000 students and about 4,000 employees. There are a wide variety of programmes to choose from across all educational sectors, with the exception of the agrarian sector. Our education is closely connected to developments in the metropolitan region of Rotterdam.

Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences

The Circular Skills Programme was first created by the sustainable education cooperative Leren voor Morgen in collaboration with the Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management and the Goldschmeding Foundation. The Circular Skills Programme works to bridge the gap between the vocational education and professional practice in the circular economy, such as in construction. It does this by identifying skills gaps in industries adopting circular economy strategies and puts in place regional projects-while encouraging educational reform on a national level to close the gaps.A partner of the Circular Skills Programme is TIP Circulair, run by Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences. TIP Circulair is a learning community for students and professionals that looks at how the adoption of circular economy strategies is changing occupational requirements and how best to translate this into occupational profiles.To support the retention of young people coming into the industry and maximise the potential for innovation through knowledge exchange, leading professionals and engineers from the TIP community are paired with young interns and apprentices working within construction and installation companies. They meet once a week to discuss successes and challenges in order to jointly develop their circular knowledge. The TIP Community also comes together for ten half-days spread over 20 weeks to exchange knowledge and receive master classes on emerging approaches from the circular construction and installation field.TIP Circulair is an example of how to facilitate mutual learning between professionals and interns or apprentices, as well as how co-creation and action-based learning can be used to overcome concrete challenges in the workplace in a timely way.

Circular Skills Programme and TIP Circulair

20220602 - CJI Policy Brief NL - 210x297mm.pdf

20220602 - CJI Policy Brief EN- 210x297mm.pdf

20220602 - CJI - III-Evidence to Action - 210x297mm.pdf

Ensure renewable, reusable, non-toxic resources are utilised as materials and energy in an efficient way

Prioritise regenerative resources

While resources are in-use, maintain, repair and upgrade them to maximise their lifetime and give them a second life through take back strategies when applicable

Stretch the lifetime

Utilise waste streams as a source of secondary resources and recover waste for reuse and recycling

Use waste as a resource

Consider opportunities to create greater value and align incentives that build on the interaction between products and services

Rethink the business model

Account for the systems perspective during the design process, to use the right materials, to design for appropriate lifetime and to design for extended future use

Design for the future

Work together throughout the supply chain, internally within organisations and with the public sector and communities to increase transparency and create joint value

Team up to create joint value

Use digital, online platforms and technologies that provide insights to track and optimise resource use, strengthen connections between supply chain actors, and enable the implementation of circular models



Incorporate digital technology

'Manage' influences the use and function of physical and material elements within the urban environment. 

Manage

'Mobilise' sets the direction of and builds momentum towards long-term change, while also determining how this direction is determined and governed.

Mobilise

'Incentivise' sends market signals and support to businesses, citizens and governments to promote certain activities.

Incentivise

 Develop research, structure knowledge, encourage innovation networks and disseminate findings with integrity


Strengthen and advance knowledge

Today's understanding of the circular economy fails to address issues of global social equity and threatens to exacerbate the divide between high- and lower-income countries, making it clear that a global circular economy will not be socially just by default. This report (and accompanying policy briefs) lays out the case for&nbsp;thinking beyond borders to achieve a sustainable, circular economy that matches environmental goals with social ambitions. It highlights key levers for governments and multilateral bodies, illustrating the benefits of a global, socially just approach to environmental, trade and development policies, and the risks of continuing along current policy pathways.