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This collection was curated by the Circle Economy team from Knowledge Hub case studies for businesses, local and national governments around the world to find inspiration in practical examples of the circular economy. 

Visit the <a href="https://circle-economy.com" target="_blank">Circle Economy website</a> for more information and for more publications on the circular economy.

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Circle Economy

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This collection comes from the <a href="https://www.circle-economy.com/circular-jobs-initiative/" target="_blank">Circular Jobs Initiative</a>, an initiative of Circle Economy.

The workforce is an essential lever for transforming our economy from linear to circular. The Circular Jobs Initiative aims to maximise the employment opportunities offered by the circular economy. It provides practical support and insights to businesses and governments that want to adopt circular strategies that have a positive social impact.The Circular Jobs Initiative works through three focus areas: 

- Upskilling the workforce

- Quality of work

- Inclusive job opportunities 

CJI has defined circular jobs as any occupation that directly involves or indirectly supports one of the strategies of the circular economy. It distinguishes between three types of circular jobs: core, enabling and indirectly circular jobs.

**Core circular jobs** are all jobs that ensure the closure of raw material cycles, including jobs in repair, renewable energy, waste and resource management. 

**‍Enabling circular jobs** are jobs that remove barriers for and enable the acceleration and upscaling of core circular activities, including jobs that arise in leasing, education, design and digital technology. 

**Indirectly circular jobs** are jobs that occur in other sectors that do not play a direct role in furthering the transition to the circular economy but can still adopt circular strategies. They include jobs that provide services to core circular strategies, including jobs in information services, logistics and the public sector.

The Knowledge Hub Collection includes examples of circular jobs, publications, reports, case studies and policies different organisations, governments and businesses are already using to advocate for a person-centred circular economy. 

Visit the <a href="https://www.circle-economy.com/circular-jobs-initiative/" target="_blank">Circular Jobs Initiative</a>

Visit the <a href="http://jobsmonitor.circle-economy.com/" target="_blank">Circular Jobs Monitor</a>

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Circular Jobs Initiative

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Policy case

Impact on increased knowledge and understanding as a result of the case study

Increase Awareness

Impact on the quantity or quality of jobs, and shifts in the labour market

Jobs

Reduced green house gas emissions released into the biosphere

Reduce Emissions (SDG13)

Minimise waste through diversion: Instead of sending waste to landfill, it is redirected into other industrial processes for handling, treatment, recycling, recovery, or reuse in various forms. 

Minimise waste through design: At the outset of a process of project, plan and design such that there is zero waste or minimal waste during production, use, and at end of life. 

Minimise Waste (SDG12)

Participating in government programmes that support and advance the circular economy

Government programmes

Developing or utilising online platforms to enable circular economy opportunities through information, product or service offering

Online platforms

Other

Public-civil partnerships

Grow countries globally account for 55% of all raw material extraction and 52% of the material footprint, while housing around 37% of the global population.

These are larger Southeast Asian countries and countries in Latin America and Northern Africa, as well as those with an economy in transition in Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, and Central Asia.

Examples include :
- China
- Indonesia
- Brazil
- Mexico
- Vietnam
- Myanmar
- Egypt, ...

Large contribution to the overshoot of planetary boundaries—largely due to the consumptions of local materials in higher-
income (Shift) countries: these countries contribute 50% of climate change, 62% of nitrogen, 60% of phosphorus, 53% of freshwater use and 42% of land use change.

To find out what country profile your country belongs to, explore [this interactive story](https://circularity-gap.world) and search for your country on the final map.

Grow

Local government

Impacts

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A framework of policy instruments that enabled and encourage the transition to the circular economy

Policies

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A framework of policy instruments that enable and stimulate the transition to the circular economy

The principles of a circular economy concern designing out waste, regenerating ecosystems and keeping items in use. Decoupling the economy from material flows—improving the rate of resource productivity faster than the economic growth rate—is also a consistent guide. By evolving with the growing number of applications of circular economy principles, and consolidating these strategies across thematic areas, Circle Economy’s Key Elements Framework (KE) renders the elements of the circular economy salient and serves as a basis to derive contextual strategies and interventions. 


The Framework consists of:
- Core Elements: Activities directly handling product or material flows; and uniquely,
- Enabling Elements: those that remove obstacles for core actors.


Key elements of the circular economy

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Circle Economy's framework of strategies and activities that define the circular economy

Urban Opportunities

Whilst no two countries are the same, there are still obvious similarities between some of them, with discernible development patterns and parallels in evidence. Common problems and shared solutions help place unique country identities and individual issues in context.

Whilst this classification is far from clear-cut and exhibits some overlap, it does underline how the discourse on transitioning to a circular economy needs to account for both differences and commonalities, if we are to arrive at a more strategic and instructive analysis. It also allows to highlight a set of key themes that are likely to be central to the countries that fall under the respective profiles. 

Country profiles (Build, Grow, Shift)

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A framework to distinguish between different country profiles and their circular transition needs.

Browse case studies by type of implementing stakeholder.

Implementing stakeholders

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Cape Town

City of Cape Town

GreenCape

The Western Cape Industrial Symbiosis Program (WISP) is a government program ran by the non-profit organisation GreenCape, with support of the city of Cape Town, to connect businesses around the Cape Town area. The program led workshops and created an online database to incentivise and train companies to use synergies in waste streams. Over five years, it has created 143 jobs and diverted almost 27'500 tons of waste. The program has been widely considered a success and catalysed development of similar programmes across South Africa.

Promoting industrial symbiosis in Cape Town

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Circle Economy and ICLEI have partnered up to initiate the go to knowledge hub of case studies about the circular economy in cities. The Cities Collection is a repository of case studies that demonstrate the role of cities in the circular transition, and includes policies, business cases and research articles. Cases in the Collection flow into an ecosystem of digital products which support users in transitioning cities to circularity, for example [Ganbatte](https://ganbatte.world/cities/) and <a href="https://circulars.iclei.org/" target="_blank">ICLEI Circulars</a>, both part of the <a href="https://circulars.iclei.org/circle-lab-for-cities/" target = _blank">Circle Lab for Cities Programme.</a>

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Circular Cities

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This collection is being created to regroup all case studies related to the packaging industry (CAT purpose)

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Packaging collection

Contributing to the improvement of biodiversity including species diversity, total number of protected species, and ecosystem health

Biodiversity

Producing basic and specialty chemicals, inks, agricultural chemical such as fertilisers and pesticides, plastics including packaging, and rubber

Chemical and Plastic

Engage with the government on circular policies and programmes

Government collaboration

Collection programmes that process products and parts for reuse or recycling within the same industry

Closed loop collection

Visions and Ambitions

Govern the Transition

 Convene Towards Action

Incorporate extended use in project planning phases; create or update city policies to allow for extended use.

Design and regulate for extended use

Manufactured goods, such as vehicles, textiles, appliances and equipment and their associated production processes are big employers but:
- production processes often rely on fossil fuels and currently drive one-third of the overshoot on the climate change planetary boundary due to its GHG production, 
- material- and energy-intensive industrial activities are linked to deforestation and drive 15% on both the land use and freshwater planetary boundaries, 
- manufacturing goods results in substantial amounts of hazardous industrial waste and leaks chemicals into the environment.

Here, circular solutions must tackle the full value chain, but material demand must also shrink: this will necessitate a societal shift to favouring sufficiency over excess and reducing consumption to sustainable levels. Our four key solutions for manufactured goods are:
- Mainstream industrial symbiosis and efficiency : Achieve process improvements, scrap diversion and reduction in yield losses through greater industrial symbiosis and efficiency. Foster tighter collaboration within and between industries to deliver powerful material and emissions savings.
- Extend the lifetime of machinery, equipment, and goods: Maximise the lifetime of goods that serve our daily needs to bring a number of environmental benefits. 
- Buy what's needed: Reduce the number of purchases of common electronic goods, appliances, and other equipment to sufficiency levels. 
- Eschew fast fashion in favour of sustainable textiles: Drastically reduce new clothing purchases. All used clothing should go on to be repaired, reused or, if needed, recycled appropriately. Prioritise natural and local textile manufacturing, as well as higher-quality and more durable garments. 




👕📱 Consumer Goods

Businesses

As a result of its cheapness, durability, and range of uses, plastics have become ubiquitous with contemporary life. However, these same characteristics are contributing to a global challenge of plastic pollution, in large part driven by an influx of single-use plastic products, most notably used for packaging and bags. Much of this plastic packaging and bags, which can take hundreds of years to decompose, are not disposed of correctly and pollute and degrade ecosystems.  

Where packaging is absolutely necessary, alternatives can be made from bio-based materials that are sourced from renewable sources that can readily decompose. There are a range of types of biobased materials, from mycelium, starch, and even discarded fruit, which can be used as alternatives to conventional fossil-fuel derived plastics.

Local governments can support use of such packaging and goods made from alternative bio-based materials by banning or creating a bio-based plastic content mandate on single-use plastic packaging. Governments can simultaneously support the uptake of alternatives through incentive schemes such as subsidising their production as well as encouraging further research, innovation and development through incubator schemes or eco-design competitions. A good first step in creating the demand for such products is by integrating such criteria within the local public procurement strategy to supply, for example, municipal canteens.

It is important to note that, if local governments plan to support the uptake of this packaging type, they must also educate residents about the correct way to dispose of biobased plastics based on their waste management plan. Bioplastics often cannot be disposed of with normal plastics as they would contaminate their recycling. Moreover, if they plan to incentivise this type of packaging they should adapt the waste management practices accordingly (such as having an aerobic digester where compostable plastics can be disposed of with organic waste).

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👕📱  Packaging and goods made from bio-based materials

Industries

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The Circular City Actions Framework provides urban changemakers with five complementary strategies they can use to start working towards a more circular system. 

The framework is action-based to provide users with concrete strategic directions and showcase the desired outcomes of each strategy. 
The framework consists of five complementary **strategies**, under which **sub-strategies** provide further detail. Finally, each sub-strategy consists of a diversity of tangible **solutions** which are framed in relation to key thematic areas. 

Note: solutions are currently focused on:
- 🍏 **Food systems**
- 🏢  **Built environment**
- 👕📱  **Consumer goods**
- ⚡ **Energy Systems**
- 🚌 **Mobility Systems**
- 💧 **Water Systems**

More thematic areas are coming soon...

'Click through each of the five strategy cards below to explore the framework and circular economy case studies in more depth!'



This framework was developed in collaboration with ICLEI, Metabolic and Ellen MacArthur Foundation with support from the MAVA Foundation. Read more about it [here]( https://circulars.iclei.org/action-framework/). 



Circular City Actions Framework

An action-based framework for local governments working towards circular cities

Thematic Areas

City Stakeholders

 
South Africans have begun steadily making the shift towards living a more environmentally sustainable lifestyle – more locals are becoming vegetarians or vegans, cutting their plastic use down, and re-using and recycling as much as possible.
Recently, the SA Plastics Pact was set up, and is spearheaded by the World Wide Fund for Nature. Partners for the Pact include the City of Cape Town, the National Department of Environmental Affairs as well as the South African Plastics Recycling Organisation (SAPRO), and international partner Waste and Resources Action Programme (WRAP).
The pact aims to change the way plastic products and packaging are designed, used and reused to prevent plastics from ending up in the environment, and sets out some ambitious targets to be met by 2025, including:
– 100% of plastic packaging being reusable, recyclable or compostable (in a closed-loop system)
– 70% of plastic packaging effectively recycled
– 30% average post-consumer recycled content across all plastic packaging
“The City of Cape Town is delighted to become the first municipality not just in the country, but worldwide to pledge its support,” City’s Mayco Member for Water and Waste, Xanthea Limberg.
The first target, however, is to define a list of problematic/unnecessary plastic packaging and products and agree on measures to address these as a top priority. This will be effected through a coordinated effort led by a steering committee comprised of the pact’s founding members and GreenCape, the pact’s newly appointed administration office.
“The City’s role, as a supporting member, is to contribute to the development of solutions, amplify anti-plastic messages and cascade best practice. While the City can’t in its own capacity make commitments towards achieving the pact’s targets, it fully supports the initiative and its embedded principles. Goals, however, will not be achieved without collaborative industry action,” she added.
“It’s encouraging to see the growing shift towards more sustainable consumer choices globally, with society generally becoming more aware of the environmentally damaging effects of single-use plastics and excessive packaging. The SA Plastics Pact marks an important step closer to seeing greater success in this space locally, and the City is looking forward to playing its part in realising the goals contained in it,” Limberg added.
Globally, the sentiment is that we need to move towards a circular economy for plastics. We can no longer take, make and dispose of plastic. There is an urgent need to keep plastic in the economy and out of the natural environment. It’s a huge challenge globally, but if all stakeholders collaborate and work towards achieving the targets, we can tackle it and eventually win the war,” said Councillor Nicky Rheeder. “In order to meet this goal there is a need for innovative ideas that will help to unlock barriers to circularity, and stimulate new business and job creation opportunities. The SA Plastic Pact provides this positive platform and opportunity for this innovation, dialogue, and collaboration.”
According to Limberg, there needs to be common national targets and action to actively address the plastic problem.
The pact, a first for Africa, joins the global Plastics Pact Network, coordinated by the Ellen MacArthur Foundation, with existing members from Chile, France, Netherlands and the United Kingdom. Its founding members include the majority of the largest retailers, as well as a number of key brand-owners, manufacturers and recycling companies in South Africa.
Picture: Pixabay  

    In line with the Ellen MacArthur Foundation’s New Plastics Economy vision, we will work together so plastic never becomes waste or pollution in South Africa.
The SA Plastics Pact is a positive platform to stimulate innovation, dialogue and collaboration to unlock barriers to circularity, to create new business models and generate job opportunities.  
SA Plastics Pact is a collaborative initiative that will create a circular economy for plastics packaging in conjunction with other local initiatives.Read MorePlastics are fundamental to our everyday lives, they are incredibly versatility and low cost , convenient lifestyle to which we are accustomed.Read MoreBy 2025, The SA Plastics Pact will transform the way that the SA makes, uses and disposes of plastic by meeting four world-leading targets.Read More     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
      
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 

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The City of Cape Town along with the World Wide Fund for Nature and other stakeholders has set up a South African Plastics Pact, joining the global&nbsp;Plastics Pact Network. To avoid plastics from harming the environment, the pact seeks to reform the way plastic products and packaging are manufactured, used, and recycled by&nbsp;setting ambitious goals to be reached by 2025, such as creating a closed-loop by 100% plastic packaging being reusable, recyclable or compostable, making at least 70% of plastic packaging to be effectively recycled, and 30% average post-consumer recycled content across all plastic packaging.

The City of Cape Town pledges to accept only 100% recyclable plastics

Direct and indirect reduction in economic costs

Cost Savings

Direct and indirect effects that increase revenues or the potential for new revenues, for example from new products, customer segments, partnerships or business models

Revenue Potential

Extracting resources and processing them to produce materials for use bysociety

Materials and Fuels

Producing and providing business and consumer goods and services

Goods and Services

Industry peers to industry peer collaboration to create joint value and identify synergies

Industry collaboration

'Inform' increases the overall levels of awareness and builds the necessary skills and knowledge around the circular economy to foster long-term change.

Inform

Data, knowledge & information sharing

Awareness raising events

Information campaigns

Redesign systems to lay the foundation for circular activities and enable the transition to a circular economy 

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Rethink

Use longer and more often by extending and intensifying use of existing resources, products, spaces and infrastructure

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Reuse

Do better with less by using and supporting infrastructure, processes and products that are designed to minimize material, water and energy use and waste generation from production to end of use


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Reduce

Facilitate cross-collaboration by engaging city departments, industries and businesses on ambitious, closed-loop circular projects.

Support closed-loop systems and cross-sectoral synergies

Create and support online platforms and physical spaces for sale, sharing and exchange of spaces, items and materials.

Facilitate second-hand markets, sharing & exchange platforms

Increase efficiency and promote local economic growth by shortening supply chains and connecting local producers to consumers.


Support local low-impact circular economies

Governments

Business Chief Africa takes a look at 10 sustainable startups in Africa and the Middle East.  Baramoda  Established in 2015, Baramoda is a startup agri-tech which specialises in sustainable agricultural innovations and developing biofertilizers from agri-waste.  Baramoda’s vision is to lead the way towards a greener environment by providing innovative solutions to efficiently maximise agri-waste management, minimise the cost of production, reduce excessive use of chemical fertilisers and increase crop production with minimal use of water. Sector: Waste Management Country: Egypt Bekia  Established in 2017, Bekia is an online marketplace for people to exchange household waste for essential goods and leverages technology to develop climate change solutions. Sector: Waste Management Country: Egypt  Avani Middle East   Established in 2014, Avani Middle East strives to make a sustainable difference by utilising technological solutions to combat the global epidemic of plastic pollution. Avani develops a bioplastic made from cassava starch as well as a range of sustainable food packaging and hospitality products from renewable resources. Sector: Manufacturing Country: UAE Badia Farms  Established in 2016, Badia Farms began its operations with one question in mind “can we grow rare flavours from around the world in the heart of the Middle East?” Bardia Farms, uses the latest hydroponics technology,to grow delicious, nutritious microgreens and herbs without sunlight, soil, or pesticides. Its farming methods use up to 80 percent less water driving energy-efficiency and sustainability. Badia Farms is committed to:   Producing fresh produce 365 days a year   Operate 100% pesticide free   Produce all produce locally in the UAE   Provide high quality produce    Using sustainable method to produce all fresh produce   Sector: Agritech Country: UAE Clean City  Established in 2016, Clean City is an application to help clean up polluted cities, with the app communities can report polluted areas via the app. Sector: Technology Country: Morocco SEE ALSO: Fabric Aid  Established in 2017, FabricAID collects, sorts, and redistributes clothes to disadvantaged communities at micro-prices - ranging from US$0.3 to a maximum of US$2. Its goal is to deliver quality clothing to those who need them, while reducing fabric waste. Sector: Waste Management Country: Lebanon Go Clean  Established in 2017, Go Clean is a recycling solutions company that strives to increase environmental awareness by including consumers as part of the recycling process, who are then rewarded for being included. Sector: Waste Management Country: Egypt Green Touches  Established in 2015, Green Touches is  an all natural, ethical and eco-friend company that strives to build a greener planet by providing alternative methods of cleaning. “Our promise to you as a company is to offer our cleaning services as 100% chemical free, natural and Eco certified products. We want to help you, our clients, eliminate the use of dangerous chemicals from your work space.” Sector: Clean Technology Country: UAE Live, Love, Recycle  Established in 2018, Live, Love, Recycle is a mobile app solution that facilities the collection of recyclables from households and business.  “Our idea "Live Love Recycle" is simple: to build a zero-emission recycling collection service, while employing people below the poverty line, both refugees and Lebanese citizens.” Sector: Waste Management Country: Lebanon Seramic Materials  Established in 2019, Seramic Materials vision is to drive energy intensive industries towards a more sustainable future.  Seramic Materials is committed to a breakthrough zero-waste philosophy, by forging a new circular eco-economy model that can be applied to heavy industry. Seramic creates two dedicated entities: Seramic Energy which is developing waste heat recovery projects, and Seramic Materials which is manufacturing advanced ceramic products.  Sector: Waste Management Country: UAE For more information on business topics in the Middle East, please take a look at the latest edition of Business Chief Middle East. Follow Business Chief on LinkedIn and Twitter. 

South Africa

SYNERGie 

The Western Cape Industrial Symbiosis Program (WISP) was formed by the City of Cape Town, GreenCape, and SYNERGie to create connections between various businesses.The National Cleaner Production Centre South Africa (NCPC-SA), with provincial government partners, facilitates industrial symbiosis workshops for interested companies to exchange information with a view to developing a symbiotic relationship.

Western Cape Industrial Symbiosis Program for material reuse and consumption reduction

Providing public and private education and support services at any level or for any profession, and governmental and public administration services, including judicial, regulatory, and legislative activities, taxation, defence, public order and safety, immigration services, foreign affairs and the administration of government programmes

Education and Government Services

Collecting waste from households and businesses by means of refuse bins, wheeled bins, containers, etc., and providing treatment, incineration, materials recovery and reclamation, and disposal of hazardous and non-hazardous waste

Waste Management

Work together throughout the supply chain, internally within organisations and with the public sector and communities to increase transparency and create joint value

Team up to create joint value

Upgrade, repair, and maintenance while in-use

Maximise lifetime of products in-use

Reuse, repurpose, and recycle waste streams within the same industry

Valorise waste streams - closed loop

Designing products to resist damage and wear, and serve a long and useful life.

Design for physical durability

Cape Town’s innovative Fifty/50 Wheelie Bin Initiative, led by the Solid Waste Management Department, is using material from broken, past-their-lifespan wheelie bins to produce new ones. The initiative is a great example of circular public procurement that has allowed the City to become a leader in building resilience through circularity while offering a sustainable waste management option for residents by providing closed-loop recycling bins. The Fifty/50 Wheelie Bin Initiative has proven to be successful in lowering emissions, saving space and materials, saving costs, and creating secure jobs.&nbsp;