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This collection features a selection of inspiring examples of the circular economy, compiled in the context of the Switch to Circular Economy Value Chains programme (SWITCH).

Launched in 2020, SWITCH is a five-year initiative that assists EU multinational companies and their suppliers from developing countries to switch to more circular economy approaches and practices in three selected value chains: [Plastic Packaging](https://knowledge-hub.circle-lab.com/switchtocircular/search?collections=832%3D0&framework_elements__5=111), [Textile & Garments](https://knowledge-hub.circle-lab.com/switchtocircular/search?collections=832%3D0&framework_elements__5=99), and ICT and Electronics.

The overall objective of SWITCH is to support the “transformation towards a circular economy”, and to contribute to sustainable growth, low carbon and climate resilient development, decent jobs creation, and a safer, healthier and pollution-free environment.

SWITCH is co-funded by the European Union and the Government of Finland, and implemented by UNIDO, in collaboration with Chatham House, Circle Economy, and the European Investment Bank.
Learn more at www.switchtocircular.eu

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Switch to Circular Economy Value Chains

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Business case

Direct and indirect effects that increase revenues or the potential for new revenues, for example from new products, customer segments, partnerships or business models

Revenue Potential

Minimise waste through diversion: Instead of sending waste to landfill, it is redirected into other industrial processes for handling, treatment, recycling, recovery, or reuse in various forms. 

Minimise waste through design: At the outset of a process of project, plan and design such that there is zero waste or minimal waste during production, use, and at end of life. 

Minimise Waste (SDG12)

Producing textile and leather products and processing them into apparel and accessories

Fashion and Textiles

Providing goods on the Internet, through mail order, or television, or providing goods in stores, including apparel, electronics, furniture, food and drug, etc.

Retail

Activities to clean, decorate, and restore products back to working condition for original or new purposes

Refurbishment, remanufacturing, renovation

Marketplaces or services that enable the second hand sale of own-brand products

Own brand second-hand sale

Transforming waste products into materials and lower value products within the same industry

Closed loop downcycling

Selling high quality, long-lasting products

Sale of durable, long-lasting goods

Designing products to resist damage and wear, and serve a long and useful life.

Design for physical durability

Designing products to increase consumer’s emotional attachment and ensure longer use

Design for product attachment, emotional durability

Takeback and return of products from customers after end-of-use

Takeback programmes

Impacts

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Industries

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The principles of a circular economy concern designing out waste, regenerating ecosystems and keeping items in use. Decoupling the economy from material flows—improving the rate of resource productivity faster than the economic growth rate—is also a consistent guide. By evolving with the growing number of applications of circular economy principles, and consolidating these strategies across thematic areas, Circle Economy’s Key Elements Framework (KE) renders the elements of the circular economy salient and serves as a basis to derive contextual strategies and interventions. 


The Framework consists of:
- Core Elements: Activities directly handling product or material flows; and uniquely,
- Enabling Elements: those that remove obstacles for core actors.


Key elements of the circular economy

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Circle Economy's framework of strategies and activities that define the circular economy

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Based on the work of [Bocken et al. (2016)](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309699661_Product_design_and_business_model_strategies_for_a_circular_economy), the Four Flows Framework serves as a simple framework for managing resource flows in a circular economy by using less (Narrow), using for longer (Slow), using again (Cycle), and using clean, regenerative materials and energy (Regenerate).

These different principles of circular economy can be applied to our socioeconomic metabolism: we can design stocks like buildings, infrastructure, machinery, and vehicles to be rich resource mines for the future, and design manufactured goods and consumables to be cycled and made regenerative. Furthermore, the focus must also centre on getting more value out of fewer materials. Achieving the aims of a circular economy—minimising material use, regenerating the Earth, and preventing material losses—can be done through these four key strategies mentioned above.

Source: Circle Economy. (2023). *[The circularity gap report 2023](https://www.circularity-gap.world/2023)* (p.22). Amsterdam: Circle Economy. 

Four Flows Framework

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To test their business case Asket rolled out a prototype in the beginning of 2020 in Sweden and Germany. They emailed 1500 customers to offer them a limited trade-in opportunity. Customers who registered within seven days had the chance to trade-in their Asket garments via mail with a prepaid shipping label in exchange for a reward. Asket tested three different reward tiers: low and high rewards, which were dependent on the type of garment that was traded in, or a fixed reward, independent of what customers would send in. While the conversion rate was highest for the high reward group, the quality and quantity of clothing was best for the fixed reward group. Asket also learned that convenience is key after experiencing a drop in completion rate (sending the garment(s) in after receiving shipping label) due to shipping issues in Sweden. To increase engagement in the pilot launching 2021, Asket now wants to focus on their marketing strategy as well as ensuring the convenience of the trade-in process for their customers.Hurdles and lessons learntOne of the key hurdles that Asket encountered whilst prototyping their circular business model was a low participation rate from their customers. In Asket’s case, this wasn’t necessarily a bad sign, but rather reflected how sustainability-minded their target customer is, as they ordinarily wear their Asket products until tear. Understanding this, Asket decided to put more focus on the take-back aspect of the model, rather than the resale part, and ensure that it is as convenient as possible for their customers to responsibly dispose of their Asket products at eventual end-of-use. Meanwhile, the circular innovation process itself challenged the Asket team to step out of their comfort zone and to explore the full range of possible solutions available to them. They learnt that there is no ‘one-size-fits-all’ circular business model and rather, saw that they needed to design a concept that uniquely fitted with their brand values, their product and their customer. What’s next?Asket will launch their resale pilot in 2021, starting off with the introduction of the new take-back system in spring followed by the first resale pop-up events in summer. Asket expects their circular business model to be profitable after seven to eight years, through the organic growth of the program. In the meantime, in line with their brand’s vision, the team aims to learn from the pilot in order to maximise the longevity of each Asket garment.

Not all good things must come to an end.  Despite our best efforts, all ASKET garments will eventually reach a point where you no longer want, need or use them anymore. They might be completely worn out, or perhaps you’ve just fallen out of love with them. What’s important is that they don’t go to waste, literally. All garments, no matter their condition, have an inherent value. That’s why we’ve created The Revival Program. Send us your old garments so we can bring them back to life.
    1. Register  Sign in to our portal and register any of your old ASKET garments for revival
   2. Send back  Pack up your garments and send them back to our warehouse in Germany using the carrier of your choice.
   3. Get reward  Receive your revival reward of up to 25 EUR per garment via e-mail once your parcel has been received
   4. Revival  Your garments are given a new life through resale, remanufacture or recycling
  LATEST UPDATES  In May 2021, launched The Revival Program and started the take-back of loved, worn and torn garments. We’re excited to see more and more of our customers participating in the take-back every month and thrilled to have started our Resale events, where we make the cleaned and mended pre-owned garments available for sale.
   WHAT WE'VE COLLECTED  Here’s what we had collected by November 2022, 18 months after opening. 80% of garments are in good condition or lightly damaged, which means they can be cleaned and mended for resale. Garments with major damages are evaluated for re-manufacturing into new types of products or recycling into new fibers. Keep it coming, folks!
  THE REVIVAL HAS STARTED  Having collected a good amount of clothing, we’re thrilled to be up and running with our Revival Factory on the Swedish west coast. All ‘good condition’ and ‘lightly damaged’ clothing is cleaned and mended for resale in the Revival Factory, whereas ‘major damages’ are set aside for re-make.
  Explore The Revival Factory   The Revival Resale Event  In early June 2022, we had our first Resale event in Södermalm, Stockholm, and were thrilled with the positive response. We sold out 50% of all stock within 3 days. The next resale event is slated for November 2022. Sign up for the newsletter in the footer below to get updates on upcoming events.
  Sign up to the Resale Event  HOW IT WORKS  Here’s how the Revival Program works. We’re constantly developing and sourcing new partners to expand the program, making the take-back of your clothing more convenient and the various revival options as resource-efficient as possible. Right now, we’re focused on the revival of garments in good and lightly damaged condition, which makes up 80% of what is sent back. The next steps are the build-out of remanufacturing and recycling flows of garments that cannot be mended and sold again. We already have mills producing 100% post-consumer recycled yarns and are excited about the prospect of offering fully closed-loop garments in a not all too distant future.
    If you have old ASKET items lying around we’ll gladly take them off your hands. You can send back any garment, in any condition, all we ask is that you wash it first. For each item you’ll receive a revival reward which you can use to invest in new garments - see revival reward values below.
   No matter what you return we’ll make sure that it’s put to the best possible use. Some will be washed, repaired and resold. Others will be remanufactured or recycled into new garments. What we can’t salvage and keep in our own loop will be downcycled. Most importantly, nothing goes to landfill. We’ll keep you posted on how your old garments come to use.
   Keeping clothes in use an extra nine months could reduce their footprint by up to 30%. Still, only 1/4 of all garments produced are collected for resale or recycling while the rest are destined for landfill or incineration. Less than 1% is recycled into new garments. We think we can do better. Help us bridge that gap and move towards a more circular fashion industry by sending your garments home.
 

Germany

Sweden

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OUR MISSION IS TO ACCELERATE THE PRACTICAL AND SCALABLE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY

At Circle Economy, we believe in a visionary future for our planet — one in which we do not have to compromise in order to achieve economic, social, and environmental prosperity. As an impact organisation, we connect and empower a global community to create the conditions for systemic transformation. With nature as our mentor, we work alongside businesses, cities and governments to identify opportunities to make the transition to the circular economy, and provide a powerful combination of practical and scalable solutions to turn these opportunities into reality.
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Our mission is to empower a global community of businesses, cities and governments to accelerate the transition to the circular economy through practical and scalable insights and solutions that address humanity’s greatest challenges.

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Circle Economy

ASKET is a luxury menswear brand specialising in those all-important wardrobe basics: shirts, t-shirts, sweatshirts and trousers – you get the picture. The concept of ASKET is to do away with fashion's seasonal churn. Instead, ASKET offers a permanent collection of mindfully produced, top-quality garments.

Asket

<p>Asket, an independent Swedish menswear brand with the mission to slow down the fashion industry, is one of four brands launching a circular business model this year with the support of Circle Economy.</p>

Take-back: A Logical Next Step in Asket's Pursuit of Less

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This collection has been built by a community of passionate researchers, students, and industry professionals as part of <a href="https://worldcirculartextilesday.com/" target="_blank">World Circular Textiles Day</a> (WCTD). 


World Circular Textiles Day takes place every year on 8th October.  Our vision is to galvanise the collective ambitions and goals of people, organisations and businesses to reach a fully circular textiles world by 2050. Our mission is to provide a framework for circularity stakeholders to develop and deliver a collaborative, evolving roadmap and to chart circularity’s momentum annually from the 8th of October until 2050.

What does fully circular by 2050 mean?
- Shared textile resources, in the form of products and raw materials, are kept in **continual circulation**.
- Virgin resources are **replaced with circular materials**.
- Dignity, equity, and equality for the **people** involved in all parts of the circular value chain.

We need to know where we stand today to chart how to get to 100% Circularity by 2050. What circular activity is currently happening in the textiles and apparel industry, and where in the world is it happening? The WCTD Collection aims to answer this question by building the world’s largest digital library of circular textiles case studies. 

World Circular Textiles Day is proud to be supported by our 2022-23 Circular Hero Partners:
[Lenzing](https://www.lenzing.com/), [Texaid](https://retailsolutions.texaid.com/), [Bank & Vogue](https://www.bankvogue.com/), [Usha yarns limited](https://ushayarns.com/), [The Conduit](https://www.theconduit.com/), and [Asia Pacific Rayon](https://www.aprayon.com/en/)

## Want to contribute to the WCTD Collection? Sign up and add your circular textiles activities.





World Circular Textiles Day

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Impact on increased knowledge and understanding as a result of the case study

Increase Awareness

Raise awareness and run information campaigns about  strategies for and impacts of the circular economy in different contexts.

Communication and awareness

VISION:
Raw materials are renewable, recyclable and safe, kept in continual circulation.

DETAIL:
Imagine a time when…the raw materials that are used to make things are sourced from existing products and regenerative agriculture, via carbon negative and climate neutral processes. Biodegradable raw materials are used for products with biodegradable end routes. Toxic chemicals have been washed out of the global materials pool, disposed of safely and replaced with beneficial alternatives. Virgin fibres made from fossil fuels have been banned, while secondary synthetic fibres, derived from what was already in the system, are kept in constant circulation as a resource. Circularity accounting methods, built on science-based metrics, help to manage a balanced system of resources, across all industries, and in line with the planet’s environmental limits.

Raw Materials and Planetary Boundaries

CE Materials

Materials

Nace Sectors

Topics

Urban Opportunities

Whilst no two countries are the same, there are still obvious similarities between some of them, with discernible development patterns and parallels in evidence. Common problems and shared solutions help place unique country identities and individual issues in context.

Whilst this classification is far from clear-cut and exhibits some overlap, it does underline how the discourse on transitioning to a circular economy needs to account for both differences and commonalities, if we are to arrive at a more strategic and instructive analysis. It also allows to highlight a set of key themes that are likely to be central to the countries that fall under the respective profiles. 

Country profiles (Build, Grow, Shift)

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A framework to distinguish between different country profiles and their circular transition needs.

Browse case studies by type of implementing stakeholder.

Implementing stakeholders

80+ circular strategies for product development 
organised hierarchically into three tiers
with tier 1 and tier 2 based on the Key Elements Framework

DISRUPT

It is 2050.  Full systems change has taken place. This wouldn’t have been possible without the immediate action and radical steps taken from 2020 onwards. Many targets had to be identified in the early 2020s and achieved by 2030 to ensure that the 2050 goal happened in full. A sense of urgency, turbo stakeholder collaboration, supportive government regulation and clear, data driven targets enabled the mindsets and systems change needed to transform to a fully circular textiles ecosystem.

A circular economics model underpins what we have created. It reflects and supports a living organism made up of makers, users and restorers, interacting across vibrant and interconnected networks. Checks and balances, alongside transparency and accountability, ensure a healthy system. Financial, environmental, and social metrics have the purpose of serving communities and the planet. There is shared ownership of profit and loss – across all three metrics – throughout the value chain.

This is what we’ve achieved over the last 30 years:

WCTD Themes

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The Circular City Actions Framework provides urban changemakers with five complementary strategies they can use to start working towards a more circular system. 

The framework is action-based to provide users with concrete strategic directions and showcase the desired outcomes of each strategy. 
The framework consists of five complementary **strategies**, under which **sub-strategies** provide further detail. Finally, each sub-strategy consists of a diversity of tangible **solutions** which are framed in relation to key thematic areas. 

Note: solutions are currently focused on:
- 🍏 **Food systems**
- 🏢  **Built environment**
- 👕📱  **Consumer goods**
- ⚡ **Energy Systems**
- 🚌 **Mobility Systems**
- 💧 **Water Systems**

More thematic areas are coming soon...

'Click through each of the five strategy cards below to explore the framework and circular economy case studies in more depth!'



This framework was developed in collaboration with ICLEI, Metabolic and Ellen MacArthur Foundation with support from the MAVA Foundation. Read more about it [here]( https://circulars.iclei.org/action-framework/). 



Circular City Actions Framework

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An action-based framework for local governments working towards circular cities

Thematic Areas

City Stakeholders

      Introducing Full Transparency. Every cent, every ounce of CO2, every process accounted for. Know your garments. Buy less, keep them longer.   Sorting Fact From Fiction
       The fashion industry is historically opaque - riddled by smoke and mirrors, disabling us as companies and individuals from connecting the dots between our choices, and their impact. As the curtain unveils, the industry is grappling to meet the demand for “sustainable fashion”. Unfortunately, there’s no such thing. Every garment has a story, a cost and an impact. Green, Conscious, Recycled or Offset isn’t moving the needle. In fact, it’s confusing us into thinking we can actually shop our way out of the problem.
Full Transparency is the foundation to help us do the ONE thing that actually makes a dent:
Make educated choices. And consume less.
    Know Your Impact
       In 2019 we started using the data of our traced supply chain to calculate the impact of our garments. Traceability gives us data, data gives us knowledge. Revealing the hidden price tag of our garments confronts us with the truth of our habits - as companies and individuals. To meaningfully reduce our impact, we need to know what it actually is. 
  Introducing: The Impact Transparency    Know The Origin
       In May 2018, we launched Full Traceability. Because Made In labels don’t tell the full story of our garments, we created our own standard, requiring us to break down every garment into its raw components, trace them back to their origin and put that information into the labels of each piece of clothing. Our traced supply chain is the key to measuring our impact and thereafter, start deploying meaningful practices to reduce it.
  Explore garment traceability    Know The Costs
       Since our start in 2015 we’ve bypassed wholesale to sell directly to you. Making garments from some of the best materials and factories in the world, more affordable. With nothing to hide, we instead believe you have the right - and we have the obligation - to show you what you’re paying for. To understand the value of your clothing, you’ll need to understand its costs too. You’ll find the cost breakdown of every garment on each product page.
  View the permanent collection       The ASKET Principles & accountability reporting
       Early 2020 we introduced The ASKET Principles - our playbook in how we define and act on our overall responsibility as company in the fashion industry. The Principles are designed to encompass the totality of our impact and influence. It ensures we keep our promise: To only create meaningful essentials, garments free of compromise, that allow us to pursue a life with less and end the era of fast consumption. We report back on our progress yearly, so that we can keep track of our progress together. You can find a link to The Principles and our latest Progress Report in the links below. 
   THE ASKET PRINCIPLES   THE 2021 PROGRESS REPORT 

 Everything.
Accounted For.
       Every garment has a story. A cost, and an impact - on people and planet. A fact, easily forgotten when faced with enticing green marketing. From here on, we’re leaving no stone unturned - and no number in the dark. It’s time we - as companies and individuals - acknowledge our environmental debt: the true cost of making the clothing we otherwise take for granted. Every ounce of CO2, every drop of water, every spark of energy is now accounted for.
    The Problem
       The fashion industry is based on constant renewal. Convincing us to buy more, when really what we need is less. In a bid to meet our growing consciousness, “sustainable” initiatives and products are flooding the shelves. While many initiatives are great, the approach is flawed. They aren’t addressing the root cause of climate change, pollution and workforce exploitation: Overconsumption. Instead, they’re geared at maintaining status quo, boasting garments or practices as green to lure us into consuming more.
   The Reality
       The reality is that every garment has an impact. No matter how well made (or marketed) it is. Rather than continuing - or even increasing - consumption of “better” made goods, we need to face the fact that we can’t shop our way to sustainability. If that were the case, we could have offset our way back to pre-industrial revolution climate and pollution levels years ago.
   The Weight Of Knowledge
       Knowledge is key. We need to realize and understand the impact of our clothing, before we can meaningfully address and reduce it. So we decided to invest 2 years in partnership with RiSE (Research Institute Sweden), to use the knowledge of our traced supply chain to produce the true cost of creating our clothing: its CO2 emissions, water and energy consumption.
   Responsibility. Not Sustainability.
       Skip “sustainability”. Try “responsibility” for a change. Faced with these facts, we’re sharing them back to you. Because you deserve to know the true cost of the clothing you wear on your skin. Just like we wouldn’t put something in our mouth unknowing where it came from, we shouldn’t with our clothing. It’s not responsible. The Impact Receipt represents not just a transaction, but an agreement when investing in ASKET goods.
Know your impact. Buy less. Keep it longer.
  Coming Clean
       Among our first four garments to feature Full Transparency - including The Impact Receipt - is The T-Shirt. Not only of symbolic value, it’s also our most sold garment, and therefore represents a large share of our impact. While its CO2 impact is lower than the industry average (2-2,5kg), the proof of the pudding isn’t in its impact. But how long it lasts: A minimum of 183 wears according to a study with 1140 ASKET customers. That’s 6x the milage of an average Swedish T-Shirt (Mistra Future Fashion, RiSE). So for every six average tees you buy, you’ll only need one ASKET Tee.
   Explore The T-Shirt In Full transparency   1,89 kg
       CO2 Equivalent
       The total amount of C02 equivalent emissions throughout the production of the t-shirt, from farm to final garment, to your door.
   35,1 m3
       water consumption
       Water consumption of the t-shirt production, measured relatively to the water scarcity in each production location.
   44,1 MJ
       energy usage
       The combined use of renewable and non-renewable energy to farm, mill, manufacture and transport the t-shirt to your door.
   183 wears
       Min. Lifetime
       The minimum lifetime of an ASKET T-Shirt as established by a 2019 survey of 1140 ASKET customers with T-Shirts since 2016.
  Garments with 100% Transparency  Deadline 2021
       During the first two years of research in collaboration with RiSE we produced the CO2 equivalent emissions, water and energy consumption of our for most sold garments: The T-Shirt, The Oxford Shirt, The Merino Sweater and The Chino. These garments are no longer just labeled with their traceability and cost breakdown here at asket.com, but also with their impact. As you’re reading this, we’re finalizing a tool to develop the impact figures of every remaining garment. More so, the tool will be used to actually assess and heatmap or supply chain to reduce our impact. By summer 2021, the entire permanent collection will be fully covered.
By then, expect not only your regular order receipt - but also your Impact Receipt.
   Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) Methodology
       Between 2019-2020 we conducted a life cycle impact assessment (LICA) in collaboration with The Research Institute of Sweden (RiSE) to calculate the Climate Impact (kg CO2-equivalents), Water Scarcity (m3 world equivalent based on water limitation in the region) and primary energy (MJ non renewable and renewable), associated with a garment’s entire production (from fibre sourcing for both main material, trims and packaging; textile processing; transports in production; warehousing and packaging) as well as distribution to customers (including returns and exchanges) and the use phase (washing, drying, ironing and detergents) as well as end of life (recycling, landfill or incineration). The initial LCA was done on The T-Shirt (medium regular, weight 170g), The Oxford shirt (medium regular, weight 310g), The Chinos (size 32/32, weight 500g) and The Merino Wool Sweater (medium regular 329g) - across six key markets. Data sources used to calculate a garment’s total impact combine both primary and generic data. Primary data is based on direct information from ASKET’s traced supply chain. 
 Where primary data could not be obtained or supplier data was insufficient, generic data from LCA databases Ecoinvent and GaBi, were integrated. While the initial LCIA includes the longevity of our garments and their use phase and end of life impact based on a 2019 study of 1140 customers across multiple countries, we decided not to include use phase or end of life impact in The Impact receipt due to its variance depending on individual laundry behaviour and country specific energy and end of life scenarios. Instead The Impact Receipt focuses solely on the impact of creating the garment and getting it in the hands of the customer. We will however communicate average use phase impact numbers in our Garment Care section to emphasize the impact of the individual in terms of laundry behaviour. Based on this initial model, a tool is currently in development, to allow for the standardized life cycle assessment of our entire permanent collection, with project completion slated for mid-2021.
For more information on benchmarks used, please refer to the research by Mistra Future Fashion, lead by Rise.
 

<p>Asket is a Swedish menswear company built on a minimalist aesthetic with the intention of aiming for full traceability on their permanent collection. This traceability led them to develop the 'Impact Receipt', which details the CO2, water and energy impact for each stage of production, from raw materials to transport. The company also provides a cost breakdown for their garments, detailing the costs associated with each step of production and an indication of traditional markup and direct to customer markup. These approaches provide an example of the potential of transparency and traceability to explain the costs of production, both financial and environmental.</p>