Chain Gang Small Enterprise, Blockchain Collaborations and Textile Recovery in the Circular Economy (Heim, 2021).pdf

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This collection has been built by a community of passionate researchers, students, and industry professionals as part of <a href="https://worldcirculartextilesday.com/" target="_blank">World Circular Textiles Day</a> (WCTD). 


World Circular Textiles Day takes place every year on 8th October. Our vision is to galvanise the collective ambitions and goals of people, organisations and businesses to reach a fully circular textiles world by 2050. Our mission is to provide a framework for circularity stakeholders to develop and deliver a collaborative, evolving roadmap and to chart circularity’s momentum annually from the 8th of October until 2050.

What does fully circular by 2050 mean?
- Shared textile resources, in the form of products and raw materials, are kept in **continual circulation**.
- Virgin resources are **replaced with circular materials**.
- Dignity, equity, and equality for the **people** involved in all parts of the circular value chain.

We need to know where we stand today to chart how to get to 100% Circularity by 2050. What circular activity is currently happening in the textiles and apparel industry, and where in the world is it happening? The WCTD Collection aims to answer this question by building the world’s largest digital library of circular textiles case studies. 

World Circular Textiles Day is proud to be supported by our 2022-23 Circular Hero Partners:
[Lenzing](https://www.lenzing.com/), [Texaid](https://retailsolutions.texaid.com/), [Bank & Vogue](https://www.bankvogue.com/), [Usha yarns limited](https://ushayarns.com/), [The Conduit](https://www.theconduit.com/), and [Asia Pacific Rayon](https://www.aprayon.com/en/)

## Want to contribute to the WCTD Collection? Sign up and add your circular textiles activities.

World Circular Textiles Day

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Article / Report

Impact on the availability of resources as well as their effect on living organisms, ecosystems, and components of the environment.

Ecological Impact

Impacts on the social fabric of the community and well-being of the individuals and families.

Social Impact

Impacts on the financial condition of a company, as well as the the economicconditions of its stakeholders and on economic systems at local, national, andglobal levels.

Economic Impact

Producing textile and leather products and processing them into apparel and accessories

Fashion and Textiles

Employ technologies to gather and analyse data to provide insights on resource use

Data and insights

Employ online platforms to connect and improve information sharing between stakeholders

Digital platforms

Employing artificial algorithms and robotics to identify, enable and/or implement circular strategies (eg. effective resource use & logistics planning, circular business models & design)

Advanced robotics, artificial intelligence

Utilising data and models to to identify, enable and/or implement circular strategies (eg. effective resource use & logistics planning, circular business models & design)

Data analytics, modelling

Connecting products and services into the internet of things to identify, enable and/or implement circular strategies (eg. effective resource use & logistics planning, circular business models & design)

Internet enabled, connected operations

Installing sensors to gather data from products and services to identify, enable and/or implement circular strategies (eg. effective resource use & logistics planning, circular business models & design)

Sensors, monitoring systems

Developing or utilising online platforms to enable circular economy opportunities through information, product or service offering

Online platforms

Impacts

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Industries

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The principles of a circular economy concern designing out waste, regenerating ecosystems and keeping items in use. Decoupling the economy from material flows—improving the rate of resource productivity faster than the economic growth rate—is also a consistent guide. By evolving with the growing number of applications of circular economy principles, and consolidating these strategies across thematic areas, Circle Economy’s Key Elements Framework (KE) renders the elements of the circular economy salient and serves as a basis to derive contextual strategies and interventions. 


The Framework consists of:
- Core Elements: Activities directly handling product or material flows; and uniquely,
- Enabling Elements: those that remove obstacles for core actors.


Key elements of the circular economy

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Circle Economy's framework of strategies and activities that define the circular economy

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Alexander McQueen

Asia Pacific Rayon

This study sets out to investigate the level of cooperation required for the effective implementation of blockchain for transparency along the fashion supply chain. The study finds that many of the current use cases of blockchain in the fashion supply chain are limited to private, permissioned blockchains – thus effectively shutting out other players.

Chain Gang
Small Enterprise, Blockchain Collaborations and Textile Recovery
in The Circular Economy. 

Business case

Reduced green house gas emissions released into the biosphere

Reduce Emissions (SDG13)

Minimise waste through diversion: Instead of sending waste to landfill, it is redirected into other industrial processes for handling, treatment, recycling, recovery, or reuse in various forms. 

Minimise waste through design: At the outset of a process of project, plan and design such that there is zero waste or minimal waste during production, use, and at end of life. 

Minimise Waste (SDG12)

Reduced use and withdrawal of water and rate of recycling and reuse of water

Save Water (SDG6)

Reduced use of fossil fuel energy sources and/or increased use of renewable energy

Reduce Energy Consumption

Enacting measures that optimise water use

Water efficiency

Collection programmes that process products and parts for reuse or recycling within the same industry

Closed loop collection

Designing products so they produce as little waste as possible during production

Design for minimal waste

Designing products so they use as little materials, water, energy, etc. as possible during use

Design for resource efficiency

Designing products to be reused for the same or different purposes in multiple lifecycles

Design for reuse

VISION:
Products and services are designed for multiple use and material value retention, with maximum positive impact.

DETAIL: 
Imagine a time when…products flow via optimal collection and distribution streams into reusable and repairable product platforms. Reuse and access models are dominant, and products are designed for multiple recirculation before biodegrading (if designed to do so), or being broken down into reusable raw materials for production. People only consume what they need. Production and consumption wastes have been fully eliminated and multifunctional, season-less and timeless fashions are the norm, yet still fulfil our human need for expression and creativity without constraint. All business models, organisations, governments and citizens play a role in maintaining a healthy, functioning circular ecosystem.

Products and Services

**Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns**

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The world is seriously off track in its effort to halve per-capita food waste and losses by 2030.The COVID-19 pandemic has had significant impacts on consumption and production patterns, with disruptions to global supply chains and changes in consumer behaviour. 

Responsible consumption and production must be an integral part of the recovery from the pandemic. 
But the global economy also needs to speed up the decoupling of economic growth from resource use by maximizing the socio-economic benefits of resources while minimizing their negative impacts. 

Reporting on corporate sustainability has tripled since the beginning of the SDG period, but the private sector will need to significantly improve reporting on activities that contribute to the SDGs. 

This primarily entails environmentally sound management of "toxic chemicals" A substantial use of chemicals is essential to meet the social and economic goals of the world community, and these can be used with a high degree of safety when best practices are followed.  Gross chemical contamination, with grave damage to human health, genetic structures reproductive outcomes, and the environment, has been continuing within some of the world's most important industrial areas, and restoration will require major investment as well as the development of new techniques.
Effective control of the generation, storage, treatment, recycling and reuse, transport, recovery and disposal of hazardous wastes is another similar challenge. 
In addition,  solid wastes include all domestic refuse and non-hazardous wastes such as commercial and institutional wastes, street sweepings construction debris, and, in some countries, human wastes. As hazardous waste is frequently intermixed with other waste, this poses particular management challenges.
Finally, this target ensures that radioactive waste is safely managed, transported, stored and disposed of, with a view to protecting human health and the environment. 

To deliver SDG12, it is crucial to implement policies that support the shift to sustainable practices and decouple economic growth from resource use.

Sources: [https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal12](https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal12)
[https://sdgs.un.org/topics/chemicals-and-waste](https://sdgs.un.org/topics/chemicals-and-waste)

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12. Responsible consumption and production

Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns

It is 2050.  Full systems change has taken place. This wouldn’t have been possible without the immediate action and radical steps taken from 2020 onwards. Many targets had to be identified in the early 2020s and achieved by 2030 to ensure that the 2050 goal happened in full. A sense of urgency, turbo stakeholder collaboration, supportive government regulation and clear, data driven targets enabled the mindsets and systems change needed to transform to a fully circular textiles ecosystem.

A circular economics model underpins what we have created. It reflects and supports a living organism made up of makers, users and restorers, interacting across vibrant and interconnected networks. Checks and balances, alongside transparency and accountability, ensure a healthy system. Financial, environmental, and social metrics have the purpose of serving communities and the planet. There is shared ownership of profit and loss – across all three metrics – throughout the value chain.

This is what we’ve achieved over the last 30 years:

WCTD Themes

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**These 17 Goals recognize that ending poverty and other deprivations must go hand-in-hand with strategies that improve health and education, reduce inequality, and spur economic growth – all while tackling climate change and working to preserve our oceans and forests.**

The SDGs build on decades of work by countries and the UN, and especially on the Millennium Declaration adopted in September 2000 at UN Headquarters in New York which let to the elaboration of eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) to reduce extreme poverty by 2015.

In 2015, the Paris Agreement was signed. A major blueprint came out of this: The Sustainable Development Goals: 17 overarching goals—and 169 targets—that governments are aiming to meet by 2030. Significant progress has been made in terms of poverty, health and inequality, but there's still a way to go. This is where the circular economy comes in: by circulating resources multiple times, the circular economy tackles issues of scarcity and allows all to access what they need—without overburdening the earth. If it's implemented in a holistic way—affording attention to social considerations and the fair distribution of resources— it also offers a pathway for achieving the SDGs; and the link between the two is ever-growing. To read more about the link between the SDGs and the circular economy, click [here](https://www.circle-economy.com/blogs/how-the-circular-economy-can-help-us-reach-the-sustainable-development-goals).

It is the Division for Sustainable Development Goals (DSDG) in the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA) which provides substantive support and capacity-building for the SDGs and their related thematic issues. TheDSDG plays a key role in the evaluation of UN systemwide implementation of the 2030 Agenda and in advocacy and outreach activities relating to the SDGs. In order to make the 2030 Agenda a reality, broad ownership of the SDGs must translate into a strong commitment by all stakeholders to implement the global goals. DSDG aims to help facilitate this engagement.
Alongside this, the annual High-level Political Forum on Sustainable Development serves as the central UN platform for the follow-up and review of the SDGs.
In addition, the UN Secretary-General presents an annual SDG Progress report, which is developed in cooperation with the UN System, and based on the global indicator framework and data produced by national statistical systems and information collected at the regional level.

To read more information: [https://sdgs.un.org/goals](https://sdgs.un.org/goals)

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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                    Located in Pangkalan Kerinci, Riau, Indonesia,
Asia Pacific Rayon (APR) combines state-of-the-art production facilities with innovation and technological advances to ensure a sustainable production of viscose rayon.           APR produces 100% natural and biodegradable viscose rayon used in textile products. Made from renewable wood cellulose, APR is committed to sustainable sourcing and efficient manufacturing, producing top quality products that address customer needs while touching the lives of the communities around our areas of operations.   Read More                      Made from 100% wood cellulose, viscose-rayon is a natural alternative to acrylic, polyester, nylon and other petroleum-based synthetic fabrics. The highly absorbent nature of cellulose fibre enables it to take dyes very well, bringing about rich and radiant colours without losing its natural lustre.        Our wood fibre supply is sourced from sustainably managed plantations and forests. These trees are renewable resources which are harvested within 5 years for the next cycle of planting and harvesting, thus ensuring a constant supply of renewable raw materials.        Consisting of natural plant-based polymers, viscose-rayon is biodegradable and naturally decomposes into the soil.        Soft and breathable as cotton and smooth as silk, viscose-rayon drapes beautifully, giving extra comfort and satisfaction to end users.               APR's viscose fibre make woven and knitted products seemingly weightless and extra comfortable. Its high absorbency nature gives a powerful dyeing effects, making the colours more vibrant and luxurious. Read More                 APR’s inaugural sustainability progress report. Sustainability has been a core focus in our first 18 months of operations. The report provides pur stakeholders with useful and relevant information, insights int the viscose industry, and how APR strives for continuous improvement in all aspects of mill performance.   Download the full report            



Riau

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Located in Indonesia, the Asia Pacific Rayon’s (APR) textile mill produces 100% wood-based viscose staple fibre (VSF) for the textile industry. Responsible for the whole manufacturing process of VSF, from fibre plantations to production of viscose rayon, the company combines an efficient and technological manufacturing system with its commitment of sourcing 100% certified dissolving wood pulp by U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Certified Biobased Product label. Viscose is a type of man-made cellulosic fibres (MMCF) and its manufacturing process relies on the use of chemicals. Asia Pacific Rayon (APR) has incorporated circular and closed-loop approaches to tackle this issue, managing these chemicals responsibly through their recovery and reuse. According to APR, “We aim to prevent pollution in our manufacturing process through chemical recovery and emission control, as well as reuse and recycle materials and energy to minimise waste.” Committed to zero discharge of hazardous chemicals through responsible chemical management and recovery, APR is aligning its performance with the European Union Best Available Techniques (EU BAT) and is also joining the ZDHC Foundation as a contributing member.&nbsp; During the VSF production process, toxic chemicals such as caustic soda (NaOH) and carbon disulfide (CS₂) are used and hydrogen sulphide gas (H₂S) produced. To deal with this problem, the company has invested in state-of-the-art equipment such as Wet Sulphuric Acid (WSA) Plant and CS₂ Recovery System. Through these technologies, the loss of sulphur to the environment is reduced and the resulting products can be reused within the production system. In addition, 90% of all energy used is from renewable resources and actions to reduce energy use have been successfully applied (Figures: in 2019 an average of 26.54 GJ/tonne VSF and, in 2020, an average of&nbsp;25.06 GJ/tonne VSF).

Asia Pacific Rayon: the first fully integrated viscose manufacturer in Asia is a step closer to closing the loop on chemical recovery in its manufacturing chain.

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The Circular Fashion Partnership is a cross-sectoral initiative that aims to develop effective circular fashion systems by capturing and recycling post-industrial textile waste. This collaborative effort promotes best practices and helps drive the adoption of sustainable practices across Indonesia's fashion industry. 

**Get your circular activities on the map by adding your activities [here](https://knowledge-hub.circle-economy.com/CFPIndonesia/article/new).**

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Circular Fashion Partnership: Indonesia

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Impact on increased knowledge and understanding as a result of the case study

Increase Awareness

Direct and indirect reduction in economic costs

Cost Savings

Direct and indirect effects that increase revenues or the potential for new revenues, for example from new products, customer segments, partnerships or business models

Revenue Potential

Efficiency gains on operations or transactions either through cultural or technological shifts

Productivity

Impact on the ease of innovation, and facilitating uptake of innovations

Innovation

Scalability

Contributing to the improvement of biodiversity including species diversity, total number of protected species, and ecosystem health

Biodiversity

Work together throughout the supply chain, internally within organisations and with the public sector and communities to increase transparency and create joint value

Team up to create joint value

Use digital, online platforms and technologies that provide insights to track and optimise resource use, strengthen connections between supply chain actors, and enable the implementation of circular models



Incorporate digital technology

Industry peers to industry peer collaboration to create joint value and identify synergies

Industry collaboration

Engaging in discussions with industry stakeholders to share circular economy best practices and push the industry towards greater circularity

Guidance, dialogue with industry stakeholders

Provide guidance or professional training to educate employees to use circular economy principles

Training on the circular economy

Integrate principles of circularity into primary, secondary and tertiary curriculum and conduct workplace trainings

 Education and Curriculum

'Mobilise' sets the direction of and builds momentum towards long-term change, while also determining how this direction is determined and governed.

Mobilise

 Convene Towards Action

Voluntary agreements around circular ambitions

 Develop research, structure knowledge, encourage innovation networks and disseminate findings with integrity


Strengthen and advance knowledge

VISION:
Raw materials are renewable, recyclable and safe, kept in continual circulation.

DETAIL:
Imagine a time when…the raw materials that are used to make things are sourced from existing products and regenerative agriculture, via carbon negative and climate neutral processes. Biodegradable raw materials are used for products with biodegradable end routes. Toxic chemicals have been washed out of the global materials pool, disposed of safely and replaced with beneficial alternatives. Virgin fibres made from fossil fuels have been banned, while secondary synthetic fibres, derived from what was already in the system, are kept in constant circulation as a resource. Circularity accounting methods, built on science-based metrics, help to manage a balanced system of resources, across all industries, and in line with the planet’s environmental limits.

Raw Materials and Planetary Boundaries

**Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation**

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The manufacturing industry’s recovery from COVID-19 remains incomplete and uneven: some high-income regions achieved record-high manufacturing value added per capita in 2022 but levels in LDCs were not much higher than the 2015 baseline. 
In the aftermath of the pandemic, data show that higher-technology industries recovered faster and proved to be more resilient, pointing to the need to promote innovation and technology transfer in a way that benefits all countries. 

Inclusive and sustainable industrial development has been incorporated, together with resilient infrastructure and innovation, as Sustainable Development Goal 9 in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

To achieve Goal 9 by 2030 it is essential to support LDCs, invest in advanced technologies, lower carbon emissions, and increase global mobile broadband access.

This goal's target includes:
- develop quality, reliable, sustainable and resilient infrastructure, including regional and transborder infrastructure, to support economic development and human well-being, with a focus on affordable and equitable access for all;
- promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and, by 2030, significantly raise industry’s share of employment and gross domestic product, in line with national circumstances, and double its share in least developed countries;
- increase the access of small-scale industrial and other enterprises, in particular in developing countries, to financial services, including affordable credit, and their integration into value chains and markets;
- by 2030, upgrade infrastructure and retrofit industries to make them sustainable, with increased resource-use efficiency and greater adoption of clean and environmentally sound technologies and industrial processes, with all countries taking action in accordance with their respective capabilities;
- enhance scientific research, upgrade the technological capabilities of industrial sectors in all countries, in particular developing countries, including, by 2030, encouraging innovation and substantially increasing the number of research and development workers per 1 million people and public and private research and development spending;
- facilitate sustainable and resilient infrastructure development in developing countries through enhanced financial, technological and technical support to African countries, least developed countries, landlocked developing countries and small island developing States;
- support domestic technology development, research and innovation in developing countries, including by ensuring a conducive policy environment for, inter alia, industrial diversification and value addition to commodities;
- significantly increase access to information and communications technology and strive to provide universal and affordable access to the Internet in least developed countries by 2020.

Sources: [https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal9](https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal9)
[https://sdgs.un.org/topics/industry](https://sdgs.un.org/topics/industry)

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9. Industry, innovation and infrastructure  

Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation

**Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development**

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Progress towards achieving SDG17 has been mixed. On the one hand, there have been some advances in areas such as development aid, remittances flows, and access to technology. However, funding for development remains a major challenge, particularly in low income countries. 
Additionally, geopolitical tensions and the rise of nationalism in some parts of the world have made it more difficult to achieve international cooperation and coordination. 
Many developing countries are battling record inflation, rising interest rates and looming debt burdens, competing priorities, and limited fiscal space. A major surge in concerted action is needed to ensure developing countries have access to the financing and technologies needed to accelerate SDG implementation.

To achieve goal 17, capacity-building activities are essential as they're aimed at strengthening and maintaining the capabilities of states and societies to design and implement strategies that minimize the negative impacts of current social, economic and environmental crises and emerging challenges. This particularly makes sense to support national plans to implement all the sustainable development goals, including North-South, South-South, and triangular cooperation.
As the achievement of Sustainable Development requires all hands on deck, these multi-stakeholder partnerships must happen around key topics such as finance, science, technology and trade. 


Sources: [https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal17](https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal17)
[https://sdgs.un.org/topics/capacity-development](https://sdgs.un.org/topics/capacity-development)


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17. Partnerships for the Goals

Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development

A framework of policy instruments that enabled and encourage the transition to the circular economy

Policies

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A framework of policy instruments that enable and stimulate the transition to the circular economy

 Lompat ke konten         Berbagi pengalaman dan praktik-praktik terbaik serta memformulasikan ketahanan industri tekstil dan
fesyen di masa depan.     Betapa pentingnya mengidentifikasi peluang untuk era baru “new normal”     Membangun platform kolaborasi untuk mengimplementasikan gagasan bersama     
     Rantai Tekstil Lestari (RTL) adalah perkumpulan yang mewadahi sektor swasta, perancang fesyen, akademisi, masyarakat madani, dan pemangku kepentingan lainnya yang relevan dengan rantai nilai industri tekstil dan produk tekstil, serta fesyen, dengan keprihatinan yang sama terhadap isu keberlanjutan (sustainability).
     V I S I Visi dari Rantai Tekstil Lestari adalah menggalang industri tekstil, produk tekstil dan fesyen Indonesia yang terintegrasi serta mendukung kolaborasi inklusif dan inovatif dalam mencari solusi bagi peningkatan sustainability ekonomi, sosial, dan lingkungan. M I S I Misi yang diusung adalah menggalang semua pemangku kepentingan untuk mendukung transformasi pada industri tekstil, produk tekstil dan fesyen Indonesia demi pertumbuhan serta manfaat bagi manusia dan bumi. TUJUAN Membangun perilaku konsumen industri tekstil, produk tekstil dan fesyen Indonesia yang peduli lingkungan;Mempromosikan praktik yang bertanggung jawab dan berkelanjutan di sepanjang rantai nilai industri tekstil, produk tekstil dan fesyen;Menggalang kolaborasi di kalangan pelaku industri tekstil, produk tekstil dan fesyen serta pemangku kepentingan lainnya; sertaTerus mengembangkan kapasitas dan pengetahuan dalam praktik-praktik yang bertanggung jawab dan berkesinambungan.    
  
   Silahkan beritahu kami jika Anda ingin memberikan komentar, atau ingin mengetahui informasi lebih lanjut terkait Rantai Tekstil Lestari. Isilah form di bawah ini atau Anda bisa Telepon/WhatsApp kami untuk respon lebih cepat. Terima kasih.
  
   

Indonesia

Established in 1980, PT. Pan Brothers Tbk (PBRX) is one of the largest garment manufacturing companies in Indonesia. With headquarters in Tangerang, Indonesia and manufacturing facilities located in Tangerang, Bandung, Boyolali, Sragen, Ungaran and Tasikmalaya, PBRX and its subsidiaries manufacture all kinds of garments using various fabrics, ranging from performance wear to woven garments. Their vision is to become an integrated and worldwide sustainable apparel supplier. 

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PT. Pan Brothers Tbk. & Group

Rantai Tekstil Lestari

Busana Apparel Group

H&M Group

Asia Pasific Fiber

South Pasific Viscose Lenzing

Sri Rejeki Isman

KEHATI Foundation

Inisiatif Dagang Hijau

Rantai Tekstil Lestari (RTL), and it's forum Sustainable Textile Chain, is an initiative founded by seven textile companies and two non-profit organisations committed to taking the first step together in creating a sustainable textile clothing and fashion product industry in Indonesia to prepare for future global challenges. This is undertaken through meetings and forums that shape multi-sectoral partnerships and create collaborative platforms to take share action.