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Circle Economy and ICLEI have partnered up to initiate the go to knowledge hub of case studies about the circular economy in cities. The Cities Collection is a repository of case studies that demonstrate the role of cities in the circular transition, and includes policies, business cases and research articles. Cases in the Collection flow into an ecosystem of digital products which support users in transitioning cities to circularity, for example [Ganbatte](https://ganbatte.world/cities/) and <a href="https://circulars.iclei.org/" target="_blank">ICLEI Circulars</a>, both part of the <a href="https://circulars.iclei.org/circle-lab-for-cities/" target = _blank">Circle Lab for Cities Programme.</a>

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Circular Cities

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Policy case

Reduced green house gas emissions released into the biosphere

Reduce Emissions (SDG13)

Contributing to the improvement of biodiversity including species diversity, total number of protected species, and ecosystem health

Biodiversity

Producing transporation equipment and providing services for thetransportation of goods and people

Transportation and Logistics

Providing air, water, rail, and land transportation and related services for the distribution of goods, such as air freight, air courier and logistics services, maritime freight, marine courier and logistics services, rail freight, rail courier and logistics services, land freight, land courier and logistics services, including package and mail delivery and customs agents, as well as storage and warehouse facilities

Logistics Services

Engage with the government on circular policies and programmes

Government collaboration

'Mobilise' sets the direction of and builds momentum towards long-term change, while also determining how this direction is determined and governed.

Mobilise

Visions and Ambitions

Roadmaps and strategies and targets

Metrics and indicators to measure progress

**Harmonize with nature** by promoting infrastructure, production systems and sourcing that allows natural ecosystems to thrive




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Regenerate

Includes measures that protect and enhance ecosystems and biodiversity both within and beyond city boundaries, as well as actions to restore degraded ecosystems.


Protect and restore local ecosystems

The demand for transport is rising globally—but current modes are heavily material- and fossil-fuels-intensive. Emissions from the transport system could grow by 60% by 2050, and transport is the number-one user of oil worldwide. GHG emissions result not only in warming global temperatures, but also in ocean acidification, which has severe consequences for entire ecosystems and further destabilises our climate. The transport system also drives land-use change and biodiversity loss through the development of infrastructure—also releasing harmful pollutants into the ocean. Key circular solutions:

- Embrace and enable car-free lifestyles
- Invest in high-quality public transport
- Rethink unnecessary air travel
- Electrify remaining vehicles

🚌 Mobility Systems

Businesses

Governments

Impacts

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Industries

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A framework of policy instruments that enabled and encourage the transition to the circular economy

Policy Instruments

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A framework of policy instruments that enable and stimulate the transition to the circular economy

The principles of a circular economy concern designing out waste, regenerating ecosystems and keeping items in use. Decoupling the economy from material flows—improving the rate of resource productivity faster than the economic growth rate—is also a consistent guide. By evolving with the growing number of applications of circular economy principles, and consolidating these strategies across thematic areas, Circle Economy’s Key Elements Framework (KE) renders the elements of the circular economy salient and serves as a basis to derive contextual strategies and interventions. 


The Framework consists of:
- Core Elements: Activities directly handling product or material flows; and uniquely,
- Enabling Elements: those that remove obstacles for core actors.


Key elements of the circular economy

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Circle Economy's framework of strategies and activities that define the circular economy

The Circular City Actions Framework provides urban changemakers with five complementary strategies they can use to start working towards a more circular system. 

The framework is action-based to provide users with concrete strategic directions and showcase the desired outcomes of each strategy. 
The framework consists of five complementary **strategies**, under which **sub-strategies** provide further detail. Finally, each sub-strategy consists of a diversity of tangible **solutions** which are framed in relation to key thematic areas. 

Note: solutions are currently focused on:
- 🍏 **Food systems**
- 🏢  **Built environment**
- 👕📱  **Consumer goods**
- ⚡ **Energy Systems**
- 🚌 **Mobility Systems**
- 💧 **Water Systems**

More thematic areas are coming soon...

'Click through each of the five strategy cards below to explore the framework and circular economy case studies in more depth!'



This framework was developed in collaboration with ICLEI, Metabolic and Ellen MacArthur Foundation with support from the MAVA Foundation. Read more about it [here]( https://circulars.iclei.org/action-framework/). 



Circular City Actions Framework

An action-based framework for local governments working towards circular cities

Thematic Areas

City Stakeholders

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Based on the work of [Bocken et al. (2016)](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309699661_Product_design_and_business_model_strategies_for_a_circular_economy), the Four Flows Framework serves as a simple framework for managing resource flows in a circular economy by using less (Narrow), using for longer (Slow), using again (Cycle), and using clean, regenerative materials and energy (Regenerate).

These different principles of circular economy can be applied to our socioeconomic metabolism: we can design stocks like buildings, infrastructure, machinery, and vehicles to be rich resource mines for the future, and design manufactured goods and consumables to be cycled and made regenerative. Furthermore, the focus must also centre on getting more value out of fewer materials. Achieving the aims of a circular economy—minimising material use, regenerating the Earth, and preventing material losses—can be done through these four key strategies mentioned above.

Source: Circle Economy. (2023). *[The circularity gap report 2023](https://www.circularity-gap.world/2023)* (p.22). Amsterdam: Circle Economy. 

Four Flows Framework

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Note: any views or information contained below belong solely to those of the authors and do not reflect an endorsement by the Nairobi Convention Secretariat or its Contracting Parties.
Green Port Development in the WIO RegionRobert Kiplimo, Shem Otoi Onyango and Anne Wanjiru NjonjoJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology
Port cities and authorities are starting to recognize the call to enhance sustainability and environmental protection in their jurisdictions. Increasingly, maritime organizations and the industry must themselves adapt to the same regulations and goals as nations, such as stringent sulphur limits in fuel and greenhouse gas reduction (GHG) goals. As such—through voluntary initiatives and specialized forums—ports are enhancing their commitments towards achieving more efficient operations, reducing GHG and exchanging knowledge and best practices [1].
Going green has become a trend for seaports all over the world, with environmental management becoming a critical concern in port operations. Several pollution sources, such as wastewater, solid waste, noise and air pollution, and energy wastage are associated with port operations. For a port to be considered a green port, however, management needs to establish measures to both reduce the port’s pollution and optimize its energy usage. These measures can be highlighted in a “Green Port Policy” (GPP). A GPP can be evaluated by several measurable environmental and social indicators. Environment performance indicators (EPI), such as water consumption, water quality, carbon footprints, energy consumption, energy management, air quality, soil and sediment quality, waste generation, waste recycling, waste management, noise control, health and safety, pollution emission, etc. can be assessed [2].  Social indicators—such as quality of life in the communities or the level of training and communication—can also be used [2].
The WIO region consists of Comoros, Kenya, Mauritius, Madagascar, Mozambique, Seychelles, Somalia, United Republic of Tanzania and Republic of South Africa. Several ports in the WIO region have already started going green: 
The Kenya Ports Authority has adopted a GPP aimed at enhancing environmental conservation. One element contained in the plan is a future requirement for ships calling at the Port of Mombasa to switch off their diesel engines and use electric power while docked instead [3].  
The Tanzania Port Authorities (TPA), in conjunction with Deltares, developed a GPP in Dar es Salaam, in line with the ‘Green Growth’ concept of the World Bank [4]. The Tanzania Ports Authority is also currently undertaking the Dar es Salaam Maritime Gateway Project with the World Bank [5], which includes “a climate-smart design for the port's expansion and improvement programme.” 
In South Africa, the Port of Ngqura maintains its green status (a mark given by the state-owned Transnet National Ports Authority) through a number of measures including unique biodiversity conservation programmes [6]. Other ports are at different levels in the greening initiative. In addition, the Port Management Association East and Southern Africa (PMAESA) and the Maritime Technology Cooperation Centre-Africa are in consultation to sign an MOU to carry out a baseline energy audit survey and establish to what extent ports in East and Southern Africa have embraced the green port policy in the region.
Such efforts should be encouraged and strengthened across the WIO region, as ports will play a large role in achieving sustainable environmental protection of marine and coastal resources.
References
 [1] Ignatiou, Katerina. “Creating Green Energy Ports for the Future.” MarineTraffic Blog, 14 Sept. 2017, www.marinetraffic.com/blog/creating-green-energy-ports-future/.
[2] Rattaporn TEERAWATTANA, Yi-Chih YANG. “Environmental Performance Indicators for Green Port Policy Evaluation: Case Study of Laem Chabang Port” Elsevier. 2019. 
[3] Mwakio, Philip. “Green Policy Declared for All Ships at Mombasa Port.” The Standard, 20 June 2017, www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001244151/green-policy-declared-for-all-ships-at-mombasa-port.
[4] Delta Infrastructure. “Green Port Policy in Tanzania.” Deltares, 2017.
 [5] World Bank. “Projects & Operations: Dar es Salaam Maritime Gateway” Projects, World Bank Group, projects.worldbank.org/P150496?lang=en
[6] Arnoldi, Marleny. “Port of Ngqura maintains only ‘green port’ status in South Africa. Engineering News, 26 March 2019. www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/port-of-ngqura-maintains-only-green-port-status-in-south-africa-2019-03-26 

The Kenya Ports Authority (KPA) has adopted a Green Port Policy (GPP) at the Mombasa port with an aim to enhance environmental conservation.This policy will require all ships calling at the Mombasa port to switch to electric power for their vessels instead of the diesel engines that are currently being used.The Transport, Infrastructure, Housing and Urban Development Principal Secretary Paul Maringa said Green Port Policy and Implementation plan had been drafted.He added that the move will serve the purpose of enabling the port authorities in the assessment of the overall impact of port operations on the environment as well as identify mechanisms of abiding with international standards.Also read:Second phase of the new Mombasa Port container terminal to beginIt will also aid in designing an action plan with the best practices for the effective implementation of the same.The project, which is being carried out with assistance from TradeMark East Africa, includes provision of electrical power to ships calling at the harbor in what is known as ‘cold ironing’.Several power sub-stations have been put up within the expansive port berths.The PS was speaking while officiating the opening of the first national workshop by Maritime Technology Cooperation Centre for Africa Region (MTCC-Africa) in Mombasa.Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT) together with the Kenya Maritime Authority (KMA) and KPA were selected to host MTCC-Africa.The centre is expected to engage shipping lines and jointly develop methods of monitoring greenhouse gas emissions, reporting mechanisms and reviewing protocols.Data collected will be compared with a survey that will be undertaken at the early stages of the research process by the Kenya Meterological Department.MTCC-Africa will then use the information from the survey to advise shipping companies on how to improve their operational efficiency. State Department for Maritime and Shipping Principal Secretary Nancy Karigithu said it was a big honor for Kenya to host the workshop.

Kenya

Mombasa

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Kenya Ports Authority

Port of Mombasa

At the Mombasa port, the Kenya Ports Authority has implemented the Green Port Policy (GPP) in order to improve biodiversity protection. As a result of this policy, all ships arriving at the Mombasa port will be required to convert to electric power instead of diesel engines. This initiative will guide future evaluations of the overall environmental effect and emissions levels of the port operations as well as the creation of frameworks that meet international standards. &nbsp;The&nbsp;GPP is then evaluated by several&nbsp;measurable environmental and social indicators.&nbsp;Environment performance indicators (EPI), such as water consumption, water quality, carbon footprints, energy consumption, energy management, air quality, soil and sediment quality, waste generation, waste recycling, waste management, noise control, health and safety, pollution emission, etc. can be assessed to measure the impact of the GPP on the environment and community.