Policy case

Impact on the availability of resources as well as their effect on living organisms, ecosystems, and components of the environment.

Ecological Impact

Impacts on the social fabric of the community and well-being of the individuals and families.

Social Impact

Impacts on the financial condition of a company, as well as the the economicconditions of its stakeholders and on economic systems at local, national, andglobal levels.

Economic Impact

Impact on the quantity or quality of jobs, and shifts in the labour market

Jobs

Scalability

Minimise waste through diversion: Instead of sending waste to landfill, it is redirected into other industrial processes for handling, treatment, recycling, recovery, or reuse in various forms. 

Minimise waste through design: At the outset of a process of project, plan and design such that there is zero waste or minimal waste during production, use, and at end of life. 

Minimise Waste (SDG12)

Extracting resources and processing them to produce materials for use bysociety

Materials and Fuels

Societal Services

Collecting waste from households and businesses by means of refuse bins, wheeled bins, containers, etc., and providing treatment, incineration, materials recovery and reclamation, and disposal of hazardous and non-hazardous waste

Waste Management

Producing basic and specialty chemicals, inks, agricultural chemical such as fertilisers and pesticides, plastics including packaging, and rubber

Chemical and Plastic

Account for the systems perspective during the design process, to use the right materials, to design for appropriate lifetime and to design for extended future use

Design for the future

Designing to enable multiple uses and lifecycles of a product and its materials

Design for cyclability

Industry peers to industry peer collaboration to create joint value and identify synergies

Industry collaboration

Engage internally to guide employees and facilitate greater knowledge sharing between internal divisions

Internal collaboration

Engaging in discussions with industry stakeholders to share circular economy best practices and push the industry towards greater circularity

Guidance, dialogue with industry stakeholders

Integrating circular economy thinking into employee evaluations that are tied to professional compensation

Financial incentives tied to circular economy

'Regulate' changes the rules of the systems to achieve compliance through enforcement. 


Regulate

 Regulation

Monitoring & enforcement

Public-private partnerships

 Fiscal Frameworks

Tax breaks

Economic Frameworks

Impacts

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Industries

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A framework of policy instruments that enabled and encourage the transition to the circular economy

Policies

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A framework of policy instruments that enable and stimulate the transition to the circular economy

The principles of a circular economy concern designing out waste, regenerating ecosystems and keeping items in use. Decoupling the economy from material flows—improving the rate of resource productivity faster than the economic growth rate—is also a consistent guide. By evolving with the growing number of applications of circular economy principles, and consolidating these strategies across thematic areas, Circle Economy’s Key Elements Framework (KE) renders the elements of the circular economy salient and serves as a basis to derive contextual strategies and interventions. 


The Framework consists of:
- Core Elements: Activities directly handling product or material flows; and uniquely,
- Enabling Elements: those that remove obstacles for core actors.


Key elements of the circular economy

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Circle Economy's framework of strategies and activities that define the circular economy



Egypt


October 16 2020


The Waste Management law no. 202 of 2020 (the “Law”) was issued on October 13, 2020 and entered into force on October 14, 2020.
The Law addresses waste generation and processing with the intent to promote waste recycling and reuse. It focuses on the integrated management of municipal, industrial, agricultural, demolition and construction waste as well as their safe disposal. In this regard, it classifies waste as hazardous or non-hazardous. The requirements for the management of each are as follows:
 Hazardous Waste: it is defined under the Law as waste that contains organic or non-organic components or compounds that have a harmful effect on human health or the environment as a result of their physical, chemical or biological characteristics or that contain any dangerous qualities such as contagious, flammable, explosive or toxic substances. 
The requirements pertaining to the management of this type of waste include, but are not limited to: (a) obtaining a special license for the integrated management of hazardous waste and substances, (b) obtaining an approval from the above-mentioned authority for its circulation, (c) maintaining a register of such waste and the methods of disposal, and (d) sterilizing and disinfecting the place where the facility producing such waste was established in case it was moved or its activities suspended.
 Non-Hazardous Waste: it is defined as waste that, by its nature, is not dangerous, whether municipal, industrial, agricultural, demolition, construction waste or their equivalent. 
The requirements pertaining to the management of this type of waste include but are not limited to: (a) obtaining a license for the integrated management of non-hazardous waste, and (b) taking all precautions required to avoid causing any harm to the environment.
The Law also provides for the establishment of a Waste Management Authority (the “Authority”). The roles of the Authority include but are not limited to:
 Regulating, tracking, auditing, evaluating and developing everything related to Integrated Waste Management activities, Attracting and encouraging investments in the field of Integrated Waste Management activities in a manner that guarantees achieving sustainable development and tracking the implementation of the plans required to regulate waste management in cooperation with governmental institutions, municipal governments, the private sector, NGOs and international organizations, and Issuing the licenses needed to undertake waste management activities. 
In order to curb the use of single-use plastic bags, the Law provides that the manufacturing, import and export of Single-Use Plastic Bags shall take place in accordance with the conditions, parameters and technical specifications stipulated by a decree of the Minister of Trade and Industries as agreed with the Competent Minister. Said decree may prohibit the manufacturing, import, or export of Single-Use Plastic Bags if they include any input or substances that could cause severe harm to the environment. Further, the Law prohibits the sale, circulation, storage, free distribution or disposal of Single-Use Plastic Bags unless they are done in compliance with the conditions, parameters and technical specifications stipulated by the executive regulations of this law.
The Law stipulates that its executive regulations shall be issued within 6 months from the date of issuance of the Law. We will be following-up on any further development.


Egypt

Government of Egypt

Waste Management Regulatory Authority (WMRA)

In the past, the government of Egypt could not establish a robust nationwide waste collection network, due to a lack of awareness of recycling and shortcomings in subsidising the waste management sector. Therefore, a new waste management law (Law 202/2020 (WML)) was established in 2020 to spur the growth of the waste management industry. By introducing the law, the Waste Management Regulatory Authority (WMRA) was founded to draw up and roll out a national strategy for integrated waste management and overseeing the regulation of the sector and attracting new investors. The WMRA’s oversight role covers an integrated process that encompasses all phases of waste management. For instance, the collection, storage, sorting, transportation, treatment, valuation, recycling, reuse, and disposal of waste through environmentally safe standards.&nbsp;Entities that wish to engage in any of these phases with respect to non-hazardous waste will need to obtain a licence from the WMRA.Other key reforms introduced by the WML include a prohibition against using open-air waste incineration,&nbsp;limitations on single-use plastic,&nbsp;incentives for waste-generated energy projects,&nbsp;extended producer liability for the cost of managing a product throughout its lifecycle&nbsp;and the green label system, which encourages manufacturers to increase reliance on recyclable production input, limit the generation of industrial waste, and raise consumer awareness of the green label initiatives.&nbsp;The WMRA will also introduce price incentives for alternative fuels and other waste management by-products.&nbsp;

Egypt's new waste management law

Article / Report

Impact on increased knowledge and understanding as a result of the case study

Increase Awareness

Providing public and private education and support services at any level or for any profession, and governmental and public administration services, including judicial, regulatory, and legislative activities, taxation, defence, public order and safety, immigration services, foreign affairs and the administration of government programmes

Education and Government Services

Provide guidance or professional training to educate employees to use circular economy principles

Training on the circular economy

'Inform' increases the overall levels of awareness and builds the necessary skills and knowledge around the circular economy to foster long-term change.

Inform

Integrate principles of circularity into primary, secondary and tertiary curriculum and conduct workplace trainings

 Education and Curriculum

Awareness raising events

Information campaigns

 Develop research, structure knowledge, encourage innovation networks and disseminate findings with integrity


Strengthen and advance knowledge


FERRARA, 13 December 2019 – The United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) has introduced policymakers from Tunisia, Egypt and Morocco to the different phases of the circular economy from engineering, economics and law perspectives. The training programme on circular economy policies for representatives of Ministries of Industry, Economy, Commerce, Finance and Environment was provided by UNIDO in collaboration with the University of Ferrara, the Centre for Research on Circular economy, Innovation and SMEs (CERCIS) and the SEEDS interuniversity research centre.
Working groups were encouraged to think about circular economy solutions for specific products from technical and policy points of view. The programme also included meetings with representatives of Italy's Emilia-Romagna region, clusters of private-public organizations, the energy and financial sectors, and the Centoform vocational training centre, as well as a field trip to the Renazzo headquarters of the metal recycling company, Guidetti Recycling Systems.
For information, contact:
Nicola Cantore
Research and Industrial Policy Officer
Department of Policy Research and Statistics, UNIDO
n.cantore@unido.org Franz Brugger
Capacity Development Manager
Department of Policy Research and Statistics, UNIDO
f.brugger@unido.org



 SEEDS is an interuniversity research centre that aims at developing and promote research and higher education projects in the fields of ecological and environmental economics, with a special eye to the role of policy and innovation in the path towards a sustainable society, in economic and environmental terms. Main fields of action are Environmental policy, economics of innovation, energy economics and policy, economic evaluation by stated preference techniques, waste management and policy, climate change and development. 

Morocco

Tunisia

United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)

Government of Tunisia

Government of Morocco

University of Ferrara

Centre for Research on Circular economy, Innovation and SMEs (CERCIS) 

Interuniversity research centre SEEDS

The United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) has introduced policymakers from Tunisia, Egypt and Morocco to the different phases of the circular economy from engineering, economics and law perspectives. The training programme on circular economy policies for representatives of Ministries of Industry, Economy, Commerce, Finance and Environment was provided by UNIDO in collaboration with the University of Ferrara, the&nbsp;Centre for Research on Circular economy, Innovation and SMEs&nbsp;(CERCIS) and the&nbsp;SEEDS interuniversity research centre.

Circular economy training for policymakers from Tunisia, Egypt and Morocco

Reduced green house gas emissions released into the biosphere

Reduce Emissions (SDG13)

Providing electricity and gas services, including traditional and renewable energy generation, natural and manufactured gas and operating gas networks

Energy Utilities and Independent Power Producers

Producing and gathering crop and animal products from land and water through farming, hunting, and fishing

Agriculture

Engage with the government on circular policies and programmes

Government collaboration

Circular Economy in school programmes

Roadmaps and strategies and targets

Metrics and indicators to measure progress

Institutional design to enable circularity

Cross-departmental collaboration and engagement

Advocate for circular change

The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) is the leading global environmental authority that sets the global environmental agenda, promotes the coherent implementation of the environmental dimension of sustainable development within the United Nations system, and serves as an authoritative advocate for the global environment.

Our mission is to provide leadership and encourage partnership in caring for the environment by inspiring, informing, and enabling nations and peoples to improve their quality of life without compromising that of future generations.

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United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)

The National Action Plan for Sustainable Consumption and Production was launched in 2015. The national action plan addresses four priority sectors including Energy, Agriculture, Municipal Solid Waste and Water. The Action Plan is translated into 6 different programs to implement 28 different projects presented by 13 different government institutions and specialized research centres.

 National Action Plan for Sustainable Consumption and Production in Egypt

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This collection features a selection of inspiring examples of the circular economy in the water sector, compiled in the context of the World Bank's Water in Circular Economy and Resilience (WICER) Initiative, presenting the WICER framework together with global case studies that show the benefits of becoming circular and resilient.

WICER is an initiative by the World Bank's [Water Global Practice](https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/water) to establish a common understanding of the definitions and applications of circular economy and resilience principles in the urban water sector, and to promote the implementation of those principles in our projects and when working with governments and partners around the world

As part of the initiative, the Water in Circular Economy and Resilience (WICER) Framework has been developed which describes the key actions needed to achieve three main outcomes: 1) deliver resilient and inclusive services, 2) design out waste and pollution, and 3) preserve and regenerate natural systems. As part of the initiative, case studies have also been developed, showcasing best practices around the world, and guidelines and other relevant material have been compiled to help cities accelerate the transition to a circular economy. 

The initiative sets out to demystify the circular economy in water by showing that both high-income and low-income countries can benefit from it. Circular and resilient cities are crucial to achieve the SDGs.

 This initiative is supported by the [Global Water Security & Sanitation Partnership (GWSP)](https://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/global-water-security-sanitation-partnership).

To learn more about Water in Circular Economy and Resilience (WICER) Initiative visit [https://www.worldbank.org/wicer ](https://www.worldbank.org/wicer)

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Water in Circular Economy and Resilience

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Impact on the health and happiness of human populations

Well-being

Direct and indirect reduction in economic costs

Cost Savings

Direct and indirect effects that increase revenues or the potential for new revenues, for example from new products, customer segments, partnerships or business models

Revenue Potential

Reduced use and withdrawal of water and rate of recycling and reuse of water

Save Water (SDG6)

Contributing to the improvement of biodiversity including species diversity, total number of protected species, and ecosystem health

Biodiversity

Producing agricultural products and processing them into food and beverageproducts for consumption

Agri/Food

Producing building materials and providing services to create residential and non-residential infrastructure and real estate


Construction and Infrastructure

Providing water and sewage services, including water collection and distribution, water treatment systems and sewage treatment facilities

Water and Sewage

Producing building materials and finished and semi-finished building products for construction

Construction Materials and Products

Utilise waste streams as a source of secondary resources and recover waste for reuse and recycling

Use waste as a resource

Work together throughout the supply chain, internally within organisations and with the public sector and communities to increase transparency and create joint value

Team up to create joint value

Utilise bio-based, reusable, non-toxic and non-critical materials

Regenerative materials

Replace freshwater with less impactful alternatives and enact water efficiency measures

Regenerative water

Reuse, repurpose, and recycle waste streams within the same industry

Valorise waste streams - closed loop

Designing to reduce waste during production and use

Design out waste

Using materials that can be easily reused or recycled after use

Reusable, recyclable materials and inputs

Enacting measures that optimise water use

Water efficiency

Using waste materials that have been processed and recycled to produce new products within the same industry

Using closed loop recycled materials

Designing products so they produce as little waste as possible during production

Design for minimal waste

Designing products so they use as little materials, water, energy, etc. as possible during use

Design for resource efficiency

Working together with stakeholders and parties in other unrelated industries to implement circular economy strategies and opportunities

Cross-industry projects, pilots

Participating in government programmes that support and advance the circular economy

Government programmes

'Manage' influences the use and function of physical and material elements within the urban environment. 

Manage

Infrastructure

Develop regenerative infrastructure

Develop infrastructure to support resource cycling

Do better with less by using and supporting infrastructure, processes and products that are designed to minimize material, water and energy use and waste generation from production to end of use


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Reduce

Eliminate waste by maximizing the recovery of resources at the end of the use phase so that they can be reintroduced into production processes


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Recover

Ensure that infrastructure and built assets in the city are designed and upgraded to be as resource-efficient as possible.

Design infrastructure and the built environment for resource efficiency

Ensure that household and business waste is collected and appropriately sorted (by type, label, etc.) to allow for maximum recovery of value.


Collect and sort waste to facilitate recovery

Process waste into valuable industrial inputs or consumer products; distribute processed waste to users.

Process waste and ensure its re-entry into industry at its highest value

The built environment, including housing, commercial buildings, and the necessary infrastructure for mobility, is essential for our livelihoods, but:
- the extraction of minerals used to produce construction materials is responsible for a quarter of global land use change,
- approximately 40% of global GHG emissions can be attributed to buildings’ construction, use and demolition, and
- construction and demolition processes drive nearly one-third of all material consumption. 

Making the built environment more circular must prioritise a heavy reduction in material use—while also closing the loop on materials and bringing secondary and renewable material choices to the fore. Our four key solutions for the built environment are:
- Make the most of what already exists: Make the most of existing materials by reusing, repurposing, upgrading and renovating following circular approaches. Where new builds are needed, use secondary materials and be as efficient as possible with urban planning solutions that follow circular design principles so that buildings can be reused, repurposed, and easily disassembled in the future.
- Be as energy efficient as possible: From the design phase, utilise circular strategies to create material- and energy efficient buildings. Couple these designs with a rollout of clean energy solutions, and prioritise energy-efficient appliances and retrofitting. 
- Utilise secondary materials: Maximise the high-value reuse of buildings and components where possible. Ideally, enable the utilisation of construction and demolition outputs and ensure that as much of it as possible is recycled to avoid the need for virgin materials, such as sand and gravel.
- Prioritise circular materials and approaches: Transition to using renewable wood, timber or cross-laminated timber instead of steel and concrete, or move to other locally available materials. Utilise mainstream modular construction and prioritise lightweight frames and structures to reduce cement and steel use, as well as green roofs where possible.



🏢 Built Environment

A Cairo Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) was constructed through a public-private partnership (PPP). The Government of Egypt - specifically the municipality of New Cairo is implementing a wastewater treatment plant to reuse the precious natural resource. Once treated, instead of draining into ecosystems the water can be reused for agriculture and the compost sold to various industries in the region to be used as fuel. This results into a small extra revenue stream for the consortium, it avoids considerable sludge transport costs and it reduces the volume of polluted water discharged into the river.