Policy case

Impact on increased knowledge and understanding as a result of the case study

Increase Awareness

Impact on the ease of innovation, and facilitating uptake of innovations

Innovation

Societal Services

Providing public and private education and support services at any level or for any profession, and governmental and public administration services, including judicial, regulatory, and legislative activities, taxation, defence, public order and safety, immigration services, foreign affairs and the administration of government programmes

Education and Government Services

Reuse, repurpose, and recycle waste streams within the same industry

Valorise waste streams - closed loop

Reuse, repurpose, and recycle waste streams within other industries

Valorise waste streams - open loop

Engage with the government on circular policies and programmes

Government collaboration

Govern the Transition

Raise awareness and run information campaigns about  strategies for and impacts of the circular economy in different contexts.

Communication and awareness

Awareness raising events

Information campaigns

Cycle strategies aim to cycle and reuse materials at their highest value: they maximise the volume of secondary materials re-entering the economy, ultimately minimising the need for virgin material inputs and therefore also narrowing flows. Of course, virgin materials will always be needed to a degree: all materials degrade and can’t be cycled infinitely, use energy, and require blending with virgin materials to maintain strength and functionality.

Cycle

Impacts

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Industries

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A framework of policy instruments that enabled and encourage the transition to the circular economy

Policy Instruments

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A framework of policy instruments that enable and stimulate the transition to the circular economy

The principles of a circular economy concern designing out waste, regenerating ecosystems and keeping items in use. Decoupling the economy from material flows—improving the rate of resource productivity faster than the economic growth rate—is also a consistent guide. By evolving with the growing number of applications of circular economy principles, and consolidating these strategies across thematic areas, Circle Economy’s Key Elements Framework (KE) renders the elements of the circular economy salient and serves as a basis to derive contextual strategies and interventions. 


The Framework consists of:
- Core Elements: Activities directly handling product or material flows; and uniquely,
- Enabling Elements: those that remove obstacles for core actors.


Key elements of the circular economy

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Circle Economy's framework of strategies and activities that define the circular economy

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Based on the work of [Bocken et al. (2016)](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309699661_Product_design_and_business_model_strategies_for_a_circular_economy), the Four Flows Framework serves as a simple framework for managing resource flows in a circular economy by using less (Narrow), using for longer (Slow), using again (Cycle), and using clean, regenerative materials and energy (Regenerate).

These different principles of circular economy can be applied to our socioeconomic metabolism: we can design stocks like buildings, infrastructure, machinery, and vehicles to be rich resource mines for the future, and design manufactured goods and consumables to be cycled and made regenerative. Furthermore, the focus must also centre on getting more value out of fewer materials. Achieving the aims of a circular economy—minimising material use, regenerating the Earth, and preventing material losses—can be done through these four key strategies mentioned above.

Source: Circle Economy. (2023). *[The circularity gap report 2023](https://www.circularity-gap.world/2023)* (p.22). Amsterdam: Circle Economy. 

Four Flows Framework

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  On 25 September 2020, Mayor of Bogor City, Bima Arya Sugiarto served as a panelist in the last CLP webinar series, ‘Resilience Innovations and Carbon Trade in the Asia Pacific.”’The CLP is an exclusive series of leadership and technical webinarsthat aims to increase the capacities of climate change practitioners in the Asia Pacific with to help them transform their communities while addressing the impacts of climate change. The CLP is an annual program by CityNet, and this year, it is jointly organized by Jakarta Research Council, ICLEI Southeast Asia and East Asia, Beijing ArchiCity Consulting Co. Ltd and GrEEnAcc. 
Mayor Sugiarto was joined by Mr. Dicky Edwin Hindarto, Advisor, Indonesia Joint Crediting System; Mrs. Liu Qing, Carbon Market Business Manager, China Emission Exchange (CEEX) Guangzhou; Mrs. Dr. Felicia Jiang, Associate Researcher, Natural Resources Policy, Ministry of Natural Resources; and Mr. Allendri B. Angeles, Acting City Environment and Natural Resources Officer and Solid Waste Management Officer, Pasig City, Philippines.
The following are some of Bogor City’s major initiatives in its transition towards low-emission development and climate resilience:

Accomplishing climate risk and vulnerability assessment (CRVA) for 2021-2050 along with the greenhouse gas inventory (GHGI)  for 2015-2018 that are supported under Urban Low Emission Development Strategies Phase II (Urban-LEDS II) project.
Allocating 7.3% of 2019 local budget to support climate change mitigation and adaptation actions, which will further be increased in the next fiscal year.
Issuing 24 local regulations along with 27  mayoral regulations.
Collaborating with development partners at national and regional levels, academia, private sector, local and international NGOs, including ICLEI-Local Governments for Sustainability, Clean Air Asia, AFD, AIUWASH PLUS, GIZ SUTIP. This will also help maintain and widen the city’s network in the future.
Directing climate change mitigation and adaptation actions toward four dimensions: energy preservation, land use optimization, waste management and health improvement.
Initiatives on energy preservation: rerouting city transportation, increasing pedestrian and bicycle lanes,promoting energy efficiency in public, commercial, and residential buildings,  green transportation and initiation of tram.
Increasing green open spaces through urban farming, sustainable agriculture, redistribution of space functions, thematic village, planting trees on critical lands and construction of retention ponds and absorption wells are the initiatives for land use optimization.
Waste management initiatives: waste bank, temporary landfill equipped with 3R concept, wastewater management, communal septic tank facilities, community-based waste management, Bogor plastic program, law enforcement in the waste sector and naturalization of rivers.
Construction of hazardous and toxic materials of wastewater management, prevention and eradication of dengue disease, prevention and control of infectious diseases, application of smoke free areas and environmental health improvement are initiatives for health improvement.

Recommended links: 


Bogor Regency

The Urban-LEDS II project addresses integrated low emission and resilient development in more than 60 cities in 8 countries: Brazil, India, Indonesia and South Africa (from Phase I) and countries added in Phase II: Bangladesh, Colombia, Lao PDR and Rwanda. In addition to these countries, 16 European cities will act as source cities and support peer-to-peer exchange and cooperation.



Urban LEDS

During the City Leadership Program (CLP), which is a peer-based exchange for international plans and local climate actions, the following initiatives in its transition towards low-emission development and climate resilience for Bogor City were designed: Accomplishing&nbsp;climate risk and vulnerability assessment, allocating 7.3% of 2019 local budget&nbsp;to support climate change mitigation, issuing&nbsp;24 local regulations&nbsp;along with&nbsp;27&nbsp;mayoral regulations, collaborating&nbsp;with&nbsp;development partners&nbsp;at national and regional levels, directing climate change mitigation and adaptation actions toward&nbsp;four dimensions, energy preservation, land use optimization, waste management and health improvement.