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This collection features circular practices across several industries in Taiwan: Agriculture & Food, Textiles and Fashion, Buildings, Furniture and Appliances, Vehicles, Packaging and Containers, Electronics and Chemicals, etc. 

Circular Taiwan Network (CTN) is a leadership initiative in Taiwan that brings together governments, businesses, universities, and NGOs to facilitate the transition to a circular economy. CTN aims to enhance understanding and implementation of the circular economy across Taiwan. We catalyze collaborations in the hope that more circular policies and sustainable business solutions may be created and that the circular economy may flourish in Taiwan. CTN has published two books, ‘Circular Economy’ and ‘Circular Taiwan’, along with several specialized reports, to promote awareness and practices of circular economy in Taiwan.

To learn more about Circular Taiwan Network visit [https://circular-taiwan.org/en/](https://circular-taiwan.org/en/)

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Circular Taiwan Network

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Business case

Providing air, water, rail, and land transportation and related services for the distribution of goods, such as air freight, air courier and logistics services, maritime freight, marine courier and logistics services, rail freight, rail courier and logistics services, land freight, land courier and logistics services, including package and mail delivery and customs agents, as well as storage and warehouse facilities

Logistics Services

Extracting and gathering wood through forestry and producing wood and paper products

Wood and Paper

Collection programmes that process products and parts for reuse or recycling within the same industry

Closed loop collection

Designing products so they produce as little waste as possible during production

Design for minimal waste

Designing products so they use as little materials, water, energy, etc. as possible during use

Design for resource efficiency

**Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns**

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The world is seriously off track in its effort to halve per-capita food waste and losses by 2030.The COVID-19 pandemic has had significant impacts on consumption and production patterns, with disruptions to global supply chains and changes in consumer behaviour. 

Responsible consumption and production must be an integral part of the recovery from the pandemic. 
But the global economy also needs to speed up the decoupling of economic growth from resource use by maximizing the socio-economic benefits of resources while minimizing their negative impacts. 

Reporting on corporate sustainability has tripled since the beginning of the SDG period, but the private sector will need to significantly improve reporting on activities that contribute to the SDGs. 

This primarily entails environmentally sound management of "toxic chemicals" A substantial use of chemicals is essential to meet the social and economic goals of the world community, and these can be used with a high degree of safety when best practices are followed.  Gross chemical contamination, with grave damage to human health, genetic structures reproductive outcomes, and the environment, has been continuing within some of the world's most important industrial areas, and restoration will require major investment as well as the development of new techniques.
Effective control of the generation, storage, treatment, recycling and reuse, transport, recovery and disposal of hazardous wastes is another similar challenge. 
In addition,  solid wastes include all domestic refuse and non-hazardous wastes such as commercial and institutional wastes, street sweepings construction debris, and, in some countries, human wastes. As hazardous waste is frequently intermixed with other waste, this poses particular management challenges.
Finally, this target ensures that radioactive waste is safely managed, transported, stored and disposed of, with a view to protecting human health and the environment. 

To deliver SDG12, it is crucial to implement policies that support the shift to sustainable practices and decouple economic growth from resource use.

Sources: [https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal12](https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal12)
[https://sdgs.un.org/topics/chemicals-and-waste](https://sdgs.un.org/topics/chemicals-and-waste)

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12. Responsible consumption and production

Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns

Turning a product redundant by cancelling its function, or by substituting it with a radically different product.

🏢 Refuse

Intensifying product use (e.g. via product sharing or multifunctional products).



🏢 Rethink

Replace typical brick and mortar wall with a dry-stacked wall with interlocking bricks will limit the amount of mortar required and ease the deconstruction efforts at the end of service life for the subsequent use.

More efficient use and/or manufacture of products through the use of fewer natural resources and materials.

🏢 Reduce

Processing of materials to achieve the original high-quality or reduce to low-quality.



🏢 Recycle

Currently, the best practice worldwide for dealing with concrete and brick debris is to recycle it. The debris is collected, transported, manually or mechanically sorted, washed, crushed, and recycled into new building materials and products.

Industries

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The principles of a circular economy concern designing out waste, regenerating ecosystems and keeping items in use. Decoupling the economy from material flows—improving the rate of resource productivity faster than the economic growth rate—is also a consistent guide. By evolving with the growing number of applications of circular economy principles, and consolidating these strategies across thematic areas, Circle Economy’s Key Elements Framework (KE) renders the elements of the circular economy salient and serves as a basis to derive contextual strategies and interventions. 


The Framework consists of:
- Core Elements: Activities directly handling product or material flows; and uniquely,
- Enabling Elements: those that remove obstacles for core actors.


Key elements of the circular economy

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Circle Economy's framework of strategies and activities that define the circular economy

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**These 17 Goals recognize that ending poverty and other deprivations must go hand-in-hand with strategies that improve health and education, reduce inequality, and spur economic growth – all while tackling climate change and working to preserve our oceans and forests.**

The SDGs build on decades of work by countries and the UN, and especially on the Millennium Declaration adopted in September 2000 at UN Headquarters in New York which let to the elaboration of eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) to reduce extreme poverty by 2015.

In 2015, the Paris Agreement was signed. A major blueprint came out of this: The Sustainable Development Goals: 17 overarching goals—and 169 targets—that governments are aiming to meet by 2030. Significant progress has been made in terms of poverty, health and inequality, but there's still a way to go. This is where the circular economy comes in: by circulating resources multiple times, the circular economy tackles issues of scarcity and allows all to access what they need—without overburdening the earth. If it's implemented in a holistic way—affording attention to social considerations and the fair distribution of resources— it also offers a pathway for achieving the SDGs; and the link between the two is ever-growing. To read more about the link between the SDGs and the circular economy, click [here](https://www.circle-economy.com/blogs/how-the-circular-economy-can-help-us-reach-the-sustainable-development-goals).

It is the Division for Sustainable Development Goals (DSDG) in the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA) which provides substantive support and capacity-building for the SDGs and their related thematic issues. TheDSDG plays a key role in the evaluation of UN systemwide implementation of the 2030 Agenda and in advocacy and outreach activities relating to the SDGs. In order to make the 2030 Agenda a reality, broad ownership of the SDGs must translate into a strong commitment by all stakeholders to implement the global goals. DSDG aims to help facilitate this engagement.
Alongside this, the annual High-level Political Forum on Sustainable Development serves as the central UN platform for the follow-up and review of the SDGs.
In addition, the UN Secretary-General presents an annual SDG Progress report, which is developed in cooperation with the UN System, and based on the global indicator framework and data produced by national statistical systems and information collected at the regional level.

To read more information: [https://sdgs.un.org/goals](https://sdgs.un.org/goals)

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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Based on the work of [Bocken et al. (2016)](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309699661_Product_design_and_business_model_strategies_for_a_circular_economy), the Four Flows Framework serves as a simple framework for managing resource flows in a circular economy by using less (Narrow), using for longer (Slow), using again (Cycle), and using clean, regenerative materials and energy (Regenerate).

These different principles of circular economy can be applied to our socioeconomic metabolism: we can design stocks like buildings, infrastructure, machinery, and vehicles to be rich resource mines for the future, and design manufactured goods and consumables to be cycled and made regenerative. Furthermore, the focus must also centre on getting more value out of fewer materials. Achieving the aims of a circular economy—minimising material use, regenerating the Earth, and preventing material losses—can be done through these four key strategies mentioned above.

Source: Circle Economy. (2023). *[The circularity gap report 2023](https://www.circularity-gap.world/2023)* (p.22). Amsterdam: Circle Economy. 

Four Flows Framework

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This framework surpasses the famous 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle). The nine strategies Refuse, Rethink, Reduce, Reuse, Repair, Refurbish, Remanufacture, Repurpose, and Recycle and Recover provide a clear and actionable roadmap for a circular transition. 

Strategies at the top of the hierarchy, such as Refuse, Rethink, and Reduce, are the most effective at increasing a construction project's circularity level. These strategies focus on avoiding or minimising resource use and waste from the project's conception.

That is why a clear hierarchy exists where higher-level R strategies are preferred, and lower-level strategies are deemed more linear. 

In the original 9R framework, the last strategy, Recover, is often considered non-circular since it consists of energy recovery from material waste incineration, which is why it was left out of the scope of this case study collection.

They are applied to the built environment sector here as part of the [Realdania ](https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://www.realdania.org/&ved=2ahUKEwiF74KezMyJAxUpUaQEHURhOOEQFnoECBYQAQ&usg=AOvVaw0o-XWvSka80KCHtCG6XDS3) project.

🏢 9R Framework

 momo has actively developed circular packaging, an optimal packaging recommendation system, and expanded the reach of its recycling stations to promote the recycling of online shopping packaging and respond to the increasing demand for packaging materials.momo has adopted mono-materials for its packaging and does not use metal nails, wax, or film. In terms of materials, momo utilizes recycled plastic and pulp, while actively trying out new biomaterials, such as: hydrolyzed adhesive tape, honeycomb paper bags, etc., continuously reducing the use of ink and packaging. An “optimal packaging suggestion system” developed by AI modules has been introduced into the packing process to select packaging materials of the best size and further reduce the use of buffer materials.Promoting consumer participation and expanding the reach of recycling stations for online shopping packagingIn order to accurately deliver circular packaging to consumers who support environmental preservation, momo launched the “Green Membership” program in September 2023, allowing members to choose to use circular packaging or have products from orders across more than 2 warehouses delivered together, and providing momo coins as rewards. Circular bags are manufactured using long-lasting materials and recycled materials, and can be reused 25 times. momo has also cooperated with multiple partners to set up more than 15,000 circular bag recycling stations, including: 7-11 stores, myfone stores, Chunghwa Post branches and Simple Mart stores, and collaborated with the Tzu Chi Environmental Protection Education Centre to recycle cartons.BenefitsIn 2023, momo cooperated with 17 suppliers to use 724 circular logistics boxes, reducing a total of 5.5 metric tons of carbon emissions [1].Through the optimal packaging recommendation system, the average weight of a single package in 2023 was reduced by 20.97%, and the use of buffer materials declined by 37.7%; in addition, the cost of small home delivery orders was reduced by 24.9% [2].The “Green Membership” program has encouraged 290,000 members to agree to get their orders consolidated. From September to December 2023, this program has helped reduce the use of more than 200,000 cartons; furthermore, a total of 40.66 metric tons of CO2e [3] were saved through the decrease in packaging materials and transportation miles.[1] Method for calculating the reduction in carbon due to the adoption of circular logistics boxes: As a benchmark for comparison, the carbon footprint of carton manufactured from raw wood pulp amounts to 6.1kg per 1kg. However, the carbon footprint of momo’s circular logistics boxes is 1.24 kg. Based on the total logistics boxes (724) used in 2023, an average of 7.564 kgCO2e can be saved for each recycled logistics box used, resulting in a total reduction of 5.5 tCO2e in 2023. (Source: Taiwan Paper Industry Association)[2] The baseline year is 2019.[3] Method for calculating the carbon emissions saved by miles from consolidated orders: (Miles from non-consolidated orders - miles from consolidated orders) × package weight from consolidated orders × carbon emission coefficient.Carbon emission usage coefficient: 0.833 kgCO2e/kg for the normal-temperature delivery service, and 1.55 kgCO2e/kg for the lowtemperature distribution service (Source: Carbon Footprint Information Platform). Method for calculating the carbon emissions saved by using consolidated packaging: Reduced carton from consolidated orders × 0.167 kgCO2e/kg. Source: momo's retail services produce 1.10 CO2e/kg in carbon emissions for each physical product. According to a lifecycle analysis, the average packaging materials and waste stage of each package account for 0.167 CO2e/kg.


Taiwan

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momo.com Inc.

<p>momo has actively developed circular packaging, an optimal packaging recommendation system, and expanded the reach of its recycling stations to promote the recycling of online shopping packaging and respond to the increasing demand for packaging materials. </p>

Reducing Online Shopping Packaging from Supply to Consumption

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<p>Momo has actively developed circular packaging, an optimal packaging recommendation system, and expanded the reach of its recycling stations to promote the recycling of online shopping packaging and respond to the increasing demand for packaging materials.</p>