This collection is being created to regroup all case studies related to the packaging industry (CAT purpose)

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Packaging collection

Business case

Impact on the availability of resources as well as their effect on living organisms, ecosystems, and components of the environment.

Ecological Impact

Impacts on the financial condition of a company, as well as the the economicconditions of its stakeholders and on economic systems at local, national, andglobal levels.

Economic Impact

Impact on the ease of innovation, and facilitating uptake of innovations

Innovation

Reduced use of virgin materials and/or an increase of the use of secondary and bio-based materials

Reduce Material Consumption (SDG12)

Minimise waste through diversion: Instead of sending waste to landfill, it is redirected into other industrial processes for handling, treatment, recycling, recovery, or reuse in various forms. 

Minimise waste through design: At the outset of a process of project, plan and design such that there is zero waste or minimal waste during production, use, and at end of life. 

Minimise Waste (SDG12)

Reduced use of fossil fuel energy sources and/or increased use of renewable energy

Reduce Energy Consumption

Extracting resources and processing them to produce materials for use bysociety

Materials and Fuels

Producing and providing business and consumer goods and services

Goods and Services

Producing textile and leather products and processing them into apparel and accessories

Fashion and Textiles

Producing basic and specialty chemicals, inks, agricultural chemical such as fertilisers and pesticides, plastics including packaging, and rubber

Chemical and Plastic

Extracting and gathering wood through forestry and producing wood and paper products

Wood and Paper

Ensure renewable, reusable, non-toxic resources are utilised as materials and energy in an efficient way

Prioritise regenerative resources

Utilise bio-based, reusable, non-toxic and non-critical materials

Regenerative materials

Using bio-based materials such as bioplastics, mushroom-based materials, etc.

Alternative bio-based materials and inputs

Regenerate strategies phase out hazardous or toxic materials and processes and substitute them with regenerative biomass resources. A circular economy aims to mimic natural cycles—by shifting to more regenerative farming practices, for example—while also maximising the share of circular biomass that enters the economy. Regeneration can happen both at the systems level (by designing regenerative processes) as well as at the product level (by switching synthetic to organic fertilisers, for example).

Regenerate

Impacts

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Industries

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The principles of a circular economy concern designing out waste, regenerating ecosystems and keeping items in use. Decoupling the economy from material flows—improving the rate of resource productivity faster than the economic growth rate—is also a consistent guide. By evolving with the growing number of applications of circular economy principles, and consolidating these strategies across thematic areas, Circle Economy’s Key Elements Framework (KE) renders the elements of the circular economy salient and serves as a basis to derive contextual strategies and interventions. 


The Framework consists of:
- Core Elements: Activities directly handling product or material flows; and uniquely,
- Enabling Elements: those that remove obstacles for core actors.


Key elements of the circular economy

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Circle Economy's framework of strategies and activities that define the circular economy

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Based on the work of [Bocken et al. (2016)](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309699661_Product_design_and_business_model_strategies_for_a_circular_economy), the Four Flows Framework serves as a simple framework for managing resource flows in a circular economy by using less (Narrow), using for longer (Slow), using again (Cycle), and using clean, regenerative materials and energy (Regenerate).

These different principles of circular economy can be applied to our socioeconomic metabolism: we can design stocks like buildings, infrastructure, machinery, and vehicles to be rich resource mines for the future, and design manufactured goods and consumables to be cycled and made regenerative. Furthermore, the focus must also centre on getting more value out of fewer materials. Achieving the aims of a circular economy—minimising material use, regenerating the Earth, and preventing material losses—can be done through these four key strategies mentioned above.

Source: Circle Economy. (2023). *[The circularity gap report 2023](https://www.circularity-gap.world/2023)* (p.22). Amsterdam: Circle Economy. 

Four Flows Framework

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Circular economy businesses are thriving in Finland. There are already hundreds of circular economy brands and products that are being developed in the happiest country in the world. Take a look at some of the facts that make Finland an ideal place for circular economy companies: RDI activities receive strong support from the Finnish government and its commitment to reach carbon neutrality and transform its economy into a circular one by 2035. Finland’s circular economy roadmap and Helsinki’s own roadmap encourage new sustainable business all across the globe to develop new products and services in Helsinki. We’ve compiled a list of some of the most interesting and fastest-growing circular economy products and services in Finland. We hope the list inspires you! The environmental impact of fast fashion is becoming a significant and rapid problem. With fast fashion, clothing has about a one-year lifespan before it ends up in a landfill. As the need to move away from that trend grows, sustainable fashion is on the rise. Finland has a long and successful history in textile manufacturing and design, and these companies are pioneering the way for a new kind of fashion. Infinite Fiber technology turns trash that would otherwise be landfilled or burned into something truly valuable – a circular, new, premium textile fibre that reduces the world’s reliance on virgin raw materials. Fashion giants like H&M, Patagonia, and Wrangler are already partnering up with Infinite Fiber and using their trademarked superfibre, Infinna™. Touchpoint turns textile and plastic waste into sustainable workwear. Finland alone produces more than 70 million kilograms of waste textiles each year. Textile waste can’t be reused if it goes straight to an incinerator. To make matters worse, workwear is often made from polyester, which is a plastic that has a very low recycling rate. Touchpoint provides its customers with the opportunity to turn waste into raw material. The company is constantly seeking new ways of using the textiles its customers throw away. Spinnova created a new sustainable material made of wood without harmful chemicals. Inspired by how spiders weave their webs, Spinnova takes cellulose, nature’s most brilliant building material, and aligns it in an optimal way. The result—a strong, elastic fibre filament. Fashion brands like Marimekko, Fashion FWD, and H&M Group have partnered with Spinnova. Ioncell is a technology that turns used textiles, pulp, or even old newspapers into new textile fibres sustainably and without harmful chemicals. It is an environmentally friendly alternative to water-intensive cotton production. In addition, the process may revolutionise the reusing and recycling of textile waste, as waste cotton can get a new life as high-quality luxury fibres. Ioncell® is first and foremost a research project developed at Aalto University in collaboration with the University of Helsinki and they have been developing the Ioncell® technology for nearly ten years. Rens started as a conversation between two sneakerheads about the environmental impacts of the global sneaker industry and the less-than-stylish sustainable options on the market. Founders Jesse Tran and Son Chu, both originally from Vietnam, set out to harness the power of waste — putting 21 cups of coffee and six plastic bottles into every pair of Rens. In August 2019, Rens completed the all-time most successful Kickstarter campaign in Finland, as well as the most successful fashion crowdfunding launch in the Nordics. Metsä Spring is developing Kuura, a textile fibre based on Finnish wood. A joint venture between Metsä Spring and the Japanese ITOCHU Corporation is currently operating a unique demo plant in Äänekoski, Finland, where the new production method for Kuura fibre is tested and further developed. Sulapac innovated a sustainable alternative to conventional plastic made of biodegradable plant-based binders and wood. A truly unique feature of Sulapac is that the materials can be processed using existing plastics machinery. This enables large-scale production without significant investments in new machinery and makes sustainability an easy choice. There are limitless possibilities with Sulapac, and many companies are already using their line of biodegradable packaging for products such as cosmetics, food, and jewelry. Sulapac has also won several sustainability awards and is backed by big brands such as Chanel. Paptic is on a mission to combat the global problem of plastic waste and microplastics. Paptic manufactures new bio-based material from cellulose that can be used as raw material. Bags and packaging made from Paptic’s material are recyclable and biodegradable, and they can be manufactured with existing paper machines after some modification. The two largest department stores in Finland—Sokos and Stockmann—are already using Paptic for their shopping bags. Woodio designed the world’s first 100% waterproof solid wood composite made from real wood chips—with a minimal carbon footprint. The ceramic industry is among the most polluting industries globally, and Woodio realised there was an opportunity and need to improve the bathroom industry. The Woodio material innovation was inspired by making more sustainable wooden bathroom tiles, and today they have a line of bathroom sinks, bathtubs, and other bathroom accessories. ExpandFibre is an R&D collaboration and an ecosystem launched by Fortum and Metsä Group to accelerate the development of sustainable bioproducts. It focuses on upgrading pulp fibres, hemicellulose, and lignin from renewable and sustainable sources of straw and northern wood into new bioproducts. Its mission is to meet the growing demands for sustainable textile fibres and other added value biomaterials. RePack brands themselves as “reuse as a service.” They’ve developed a new way of packaging, where you only pay for the use, not ownership. With reuse as a service, e-commerce companies can share their packaging with a pool of webstores. RePack helps over 150 apparel brands and retailers to move away from single-use packaging. Palpa is a deposit-based recycling system for drinks packaging. The development of a bottle return system began in Finland with the arrival of Coca-Cola bottles at the 1952 Olympic Games. Today, Finland has the world’s best bottle deposit and return system – thanks to the model administered by Palpa. The system is based on a fee that is returned to the consumer when they return a bottle or other drink packaging. In Finland, the recycling rate of aluminium cans is a whopping 96%. 
Finland is a really great platform to start a circular economy business. The atmosphere is really positive and supportive of new innovations. Because we have such a big forestry industry here, it’s an exceptional place to start something with new materials.Antti Valtonen, CMO at Sulapac
 ZenRobotics is a global leader in smart robotic recycling and the first company to apply AI-based sorting robots to a complex waste-sorting environment. Their robots, powered by our very own AI software, make recycling more efficient, accurate and profitable. Molok offers municipal waste management companies recycling points for areas made up of larger detached houses. Instead of collecting mixed waste only, Molok’s neighbourhood collection allows residents to collect up to eight types of waste in a common collection point. With the help of Molok’s neighbourhood collection containers, the recycling rate in areas of detached housing can even be doubled from about 25% to 50%. Netlet is an online shop that gives new life to surplus materials from construction sites. Netlet’s collection and sales service reduces the waste expenses of construction companies and makes lower-cost building materials available to renovators. Hävikkimestari reduces food waste from catering service providers. Mass catering facilities produce a lot of food waste. The Hävikkimestari application by Lassila & Tikanoja helps to reduce it, which means lower raw material costs, less time spent on redundant tasks, and lower biowaste charges. Clewat is a fast growing cleantech company from Finland, focusing on solving the plastic waste, excess biomass, oil spills and other pollution problems of our oceans, seas, rivers and lakes. The work of our vessels is supported by our own experts, who have knowledge of marine litter, and other problems of the water systems. Riverrecycle created a unique business model to offer problem owners – national and local governments – a sustainable river cleaning service without need for constant funding. With three projects already ongoing and several more in their pipeline, they aim to install 500 river cleaning solutions over the next five years to prevent 60% of river-born plastic waste from entering the oceans. 3 Step IT leases office equipment to over 4000 organisations and manages nearly 2 million IT devices. After the leasing period, they refurbish and resells the used equipment. 97% of returned equipment finds a new home. The remaining 3% is usually faulty or broken equipment and is responsibly recycled. MaaS Global is the world’s first true Mobility as a Service operator. Their award-winning Whim app gives its users all city transport services in one step, letting them journey where and when they want with public transport, taxis, bikes, cars, and other options, all under a single subscription. Sharetribe dubbed the “platform of platforms,” Sharetribe allows companies or private individuals to create an online marketplace without needing any coding skills. This promotes the use of resources in the spirit of the sharing economy. Naava offers “nature and healthy indoor air as a service.” Their intelligent green walls purify and humidify the air, while the company takes care of the maintenance through their automated system. Combi Works provides “Factory as a Service” through a digital sharing platform (AirFaass SCM platform). Their mission is to combine manufacturing with the digital world by bringing together those that own production capacity and those that need it. 

Helsinki

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ExpandFibre

<p>ExpandFibre is an R&amp;D collaboration and an ecosystem launched by Fortum and Metsä Group to accelerate the development of sustainable bioproducts. It focuses on upgrading pulp fibres, hemicellulose, and lignin from renewable and sustainable sources of straw and northern wood into new bioproducts. Its mission is to meet the growing demands for sustainable textile fibres and other added value biomaterials.</p>