This collection is being created to regroup all case studies related to the packaging industry (CAT purpose)

large_agenlaku-indonesia-SRFOOdORhKw-unsplash.jpg

medium_agenlaku-indonesia-SRFOOdORhKw-unsplash.jpg

small_agenlaku-indonesia-SRFOOdORhKw-unsplash.jpg

thumbnail_agenlaku-indonesia-SRFOOdORhKw-unsplash.jpg

agenlaku-indonesia-SRFOOdORhKw-unsplash.jpg

Packaging collection

thumbnail_Starter kit image.JPG

Starter kit image.JPG

Starter Kit collection

Article / Report

Impact on the availability of resources as well as their effect on living organisms, ecosystems, and components of the environment.

Ecological Impact

Reduced green house gas emissions released into the biosphere

Reduce Emissions (SDG13)

Minimise waste through diversion: Instead of sending waste to landfill, it is redirected into other industrial processes for handling, treatment, recycling, recovery, or reuse in various forms. 

Minimise waste through design: At the outset of a process of project, plan and design such that there is zero waste or minimal waste during production, use, and at end of life. 

Minimise Waste (SDG12)

Societal Services

Collecting waste from households and businesses by means of refuse bins, wheeled bins, containers, etc., and providing treatment, incineration, materials recovery and reclamation, and disposal of hazardous and non-hazardous waste

Waste Management

Utilise waste streams as a source of secondary resources and recover waste for reuse and recycling

Use waste as a resource

Recover waste energy or generate fuels and energy from waste streams

Energy recovery from waste

Generating energy from waste through processes such as anaerobic digestion, gasification, incineration, etc.

Generating energy from waste

Cycle strategies aim to cycle and reuse materials at their highest value: they maximise the volume of secondary materials re-entering the economy, ultimately minimising the need for virgin material inputs and therefore also narrowing flows. Of course, virgin materials will always be needed to a degree: all materials degrade and can’t be cycled infinitely, use energy, and require blending with virgin materials to maintain strength and functionality.

Cycle

Impacts

small_climate-4803653_640.jpg

thumbnail_climate-4803653_640.jpg

climate-4803653_640.jpg

Industries

small_coast-wind-turbine-sea-sky.jpg

thumbnail_coast-wind-turbine-sea-sky.jpg

coast-wind-turbine-sea-sky.jpg

The principles of a circular economy concern designing out waste, regenerating ecosystems and keeping items in use. Decoupling the economy from material flows—improving the rate of resource productivity faster than the economic growth rate—is also a consistent guide. By evolving with the growing number of applications of circular economy principles, and consolidating these strategies across thematic areas, Circle Economy’s Key Elements Framework (KE) renders the elements of the circular economy salient and serves as a basis to derive contextual strategies and interventions. 


The Framework consists of:
- Core Elements: Activities directly handling product or material flows; and uniquely,
- Enabling Elements: those that remove obstacles for core actors.


Key elements of the circular economy

large_photo-1515534238346-fb9ae3e399d0.jpg

medium_photo-1515534238346-fb9ae3e399d0.jpg

small_photo-1515534238346-fb9ae3e399d0.jpg

thumbnail_photo-1515534238346-fb9ae3e399d0.jpg

photo-1515534238346-fb9ae3e399d0.jpg

Circle Economy's framework of strategies and activities that define the circular economy

![Screen Shot 2024-10-21 at 16.53.12.png](https://goldilocks-images.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/Screen_Shot_2024_10_21_at_16_53_12_12858da6aa.png)

Based on the work of [Bocken et al. (2016)](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309699661_Product_design_and_business_model_strategies_for_a_circular_economy), the Four Flows Framework serves as a simple framework for managing resource flows in a circular economy by using less (Narrow), using for longer (Slow), using again (Cycle), and using clean, regenerative materials and energy (Regenerate).

These different principles of circular economy can be applied to our socioeconomic metabolism: we can design stocks like buildings, infrastructure, machinery, and vehicles to be rich resource mines for the future, and design manufactured goods and consumables to be cycled and made regenerative. Furthermore, the focus must also centre on getting more value out of fewer materials. Achieving the aims of a circular economy—minimising material use, regenerating the Earth, and preventing material losses—can be done through these four key strategies mentioned above.

Source: Circle Economy. (2023). *[The circularity gap report 2023](https://www.circularity-gap.world/2023)* (p.22). Amsterdam: Circle Economy. 

Four Flows Framework

medium_Screen Shot 2024-10-21 at 16.53.12.png

small_Screen Shot 2024-10-21 at 16.53.12.png

thumbnail_Screen Shot 2024-10-21 at 16.53.12.png

Screen Shot 2024-10-21 at 16.53.12.png

      Credit: Nano. Energ. 104, 107902 (2022)  
Waste polystyrene film has been converted into a tiny generator that can generate electricity from mechanical vibrations1. Human movements such as knocking, finger pressure and foot stamping produced a large output voltage.This could be an alternative to batteries for wireless and self-sustaining devices, says a team at the University of Calcutta.The scientists, led by Abhijit Mallik, prepared a flexible thin film using waste polystyrene and then pasted copper tape onto it to act as a positive triboelectric layer. A negative triboelectric layer was made by stretching a different polymer film onto an aluminium tape. The two layers were assembled with a gap left between them, producing a nanogenerator.Applying external force caused the polystyrene film to come into contact with the other polymer film, inducing a positive charge on the former and a negative charge on the latter. After withdrawing force, the films separated and induced an output voltage between them, causing free electrons to flow through the external load during the separation process.Fingers pressing on the nanogenerator produced a voltage that lit up 120 LEDs in a connected series. The device also powered a clock and a calculator without a battery.It could potentially be used in a traffic surveillance system, with the self-powered sensor detecting vehicle speeds by generating a voltage signal when a vehicle crossed it. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d44151-022-00134-1  

India

large_blob

medium_blob

small_blob

thumbnail_blob

blob

University of Calcutta

<p>The generation of energy from waste has become an increasingly popular way of addressing both the energy crisis and the waste management problem. With advancements in technology, waste is now being converted into a viable source of energy, providing a sustainable and environmentally friendly solution.</p>