This collection is being created to regroup all case studies related to the packaging industry (CAT purpose)

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Packaging collection

Policy case

Impact on the availability of resources as well as their effect on living organisms, ecosystems, and components of the environment.

Ecological Impact

Impacts on the financial condition of a company, as well as the the economicconditions of its stakeholders and on economic systems at local, national, andglobal levels.

Economic Impact

Producing agricultural products and processing them into food and beverageproducts for consumption

Agri/Food

Extracting resources and processing them to produce materials for use bysociety

Materials and Fuels

While resources are in-use, maintain, repair and upgrade them to maximise their lifetime and give them a second life through take back strategies when applicable

Stretch the lifetime

Utilise waste streams as a source of secondary resources and recover waste for reuse and recycling

Use waste as a resource

Consider opportunities to create greater value and align incentives that build on the interaction between products and services

Rethink the business model

Work together throughout the supply chain, internally within organisations and with the public sector and communities to increase transparency and create joint value

Team up to create joint value

Implement innovation programmes

Infrastructure

 Regulation

 Fiscal Frameworks

Cycle strategies aim to cycle and reuse materials at their highest value: they maximise the volume of secondary materials re-entering the economy, ultimately minimising the need for virgin material inputs and therefore also narrowing flows. Of course, virgin materials will always be needed to a degree: all materials degrade and can’t be cycled infinitely, use energy, and require blending with virgin materials to maintain strength and functionality.

Cycle

Impacts

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Industries

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A framework of policy instruments that enabled and encourage the transition to the circular economy

Policy Instruments

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A framework of policy instruments that enable and stimulate the transition to the circular economy

The principles of a circular economy concern designing out waste, regenerating ecosystems and keeping items in use. Decoupling the economy from material flows—improving the rate of resource productivity faster than the economic growth rate—is also a consistent guide. By evolving with the growing number of applications of circular economy principles, and consolidating these strategies across thematic areas, Circle Economy’s Key Elements Framework (KE) renders the elements of the circular economy salient and serves as a basis to derive contextual strategies and interventions. 


The Framework consists of:
- Core Elements: Activities directly handling product or material flows; and uniquely,
- Enabling Elements: those that remove obstacles for core actors.


Key elements of the circular economy

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Circle Economy's framework of strategies and activities that define the circular economy

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Based on the work of [Bocken et al. (2016)](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309699661_Product_design_and_business_model_strategies_for_a_circular_economy), the Four Flows Framework serves as a simple framework for managing resource flows in a circular economy by using less (Narrow), using for longer (Slow), using again (Cycle), and using clean, regenerative materials and energy (Regenerate).

These different principles of circular economy can be applied to our socioeconomic metabolism: we can design stocks like buildings, infrastructure, machinery, and vehicles to be rich resource mines for the future, and design manufactured goods and consumables to be cycled and made regenerative. Furthermore, the focus must also centre on getting more value out of fewer materials. Achieving the aims of a circular economy—minimising material use, regenerating the Earth, and preventing material losses—can be done through these four key strategies mentioned above.

Source: Circle Economy. (2023). *[The circularity gap report 2023](https://www.circularity-gap.world/2023)* (p.22). Amsterdam: Circle Economy. 

Four Flows Framework

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 20 years before climate change finally became the mostserious issue on the world agenda, Denmark established a deposit system, which other countries and companies are now looking to for inspiration. If emulated across the world, it could be a sensible solution to some of the major challenges we are facing today. We want to tell the story of how it all began and found its form. 
 


 In Denmark we differentiate between deposits on single use- and refillable bottles.  Read more Read more about which containers can be returned for recycling.  Read more Read more about how we recycle materials in the deposit system.  Read more  
 
Estimated number of bottles and cans delivered per today in 2022

 






 Find out who should sign up for the deposit system, and get started on the sign-up process easily. You can also access information about our partnerships. 
 


 




Dansk Retursystem is a circular company that came into being via strong partnerships and… Read more Dansk Retursystem is among the participants in HolyGrail2.0, which is an international collaboration with… Read more Dansk Retursystem is among the participants in HolyGrail2.0, which is an international collaboration with… Read more HolyGrail2.0 – new cutting-edge technology for sorting packaging waste in the future. Read more Recycling for green PET beverage bottles Read more Here, you can access information about our privacy- and cookiepolicy. Read more Access press statements and news about Dansk Retursystem Read more Read about the Management Team, Ownership, and Board of Directors of Dansk Retursystem Read more Read about refillable packaging and the responsibilities and duties for companies Read more Access contact information for Dansk Retursystem Read more Find out whether you need to sign up for the deposit system Read more Read about which companies qualify for handling remuneration. Read more We run the Danish deposit system and ensure that disposable beverage packaging made of… Read more All enterprises or individuals that sell or supply beverages on which deposits are payable… Read more A new Statutory Order was issued in February 2014 that amended the rules for… Read more Information regarding reporting duties for companies in the deposit system Read more Read about refillable packaging and the responsibilities and duties for companies Read more Read about one-way packaging and the responsibilities and duties for companies Read more Here you can read about whether you need to be signed up for the… Read more Read more about how we recycle materials in the deposit system. Read more Find information about which companies partake in the deposit system, and sign-up. Read more Learn more about where you can return your empty bottles and cans. Read more Read more about which containers can be returned for recycling. Read more In Denmark we differentiate between deposits on single use- and refillable bottles. Read more 







Denmark

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Dansk Retursystem

In Denmark, returning empty standardised glass bottles from consumers back to breweries has been a common practice since the 1890s. In the 1920s and 1930s, this deposit system spread—with unified beer bottles and crates—to all breweries in the country. In the 1990s, however, with the emergence of many different plastic containers and cans for beverages, it became challenging for retailers to handle and sort this variety of packaging. Waste from plastic packaging also emerged as an environmental problem—with huge amounts of plastic ending up in landfills or incinerators.The Ministry of Environment, in conjunction with stakeholders from the business and retail sectors, created a unified deposit system with an initial investment from the state. The Dansk Retursystem, a not-for-profit organisation, was created to have the monopoly over and handle the collection of beverage packaging in collaboration with supermarket chains. Following this system, the beverage producers deposit some money to the Dansk Retursystem, which, in turn, pays the supermarkets based on the packaging collected. Lastly, the supermarkets pay the producers back based on the packaging returned. Bottle prices include an extra cost for packaging. When consumers return the empty bottles to the supermarkets, they get the extra cost for packaging back.After 20 years, key results include: 95% of all plastic bottles sold are now returned (the highest rate in Europe), and every time 100 bottles are recycled, 6 kilograms of raw materials are saved. The return rate for all disposable packaging (including cans and glass bottles) reached 93% in 2021.