Business case

Impact on the availability of resources as well as their effect on living organisms, ecosystems, and components of the environment.

Ecological Impact

Impacts on the financial condition of a company, as well as the the economicconditions of its stakeholders and on economic systems at local, national, andglobal levels.

Economic Impact

Impact on the ease of innovation, and facilitating uptake of innovations

Innovation

Reduced green house gas emissions released into the biosphere

Reduce Emissions (SDG13)

Minimise waste through diversion: Instead of sending waste to landfill, it is redirected into other industrial processes for handling, treatment, recycling, recovery, or reuse in various forms. 

Minimise waste through design: At the outset of a process of project, plan and design such that there is zero waste or minimal waste during production, use, and at end of life. 

Minimise Waste (SDG12)

Reduced use and withdrawal of water and rate of recycling and reuse of water

Save Water (SDG6)

Reduced use of fossil fuel energy sources and/or increased use of renewable energy

Reduce Energy Consumption

Producing textile and leather products and processing them into apparel and accessories

Fashion and Textiles

Ensure renewable, reusable, non-toxic resources are utilised as materials and energy in an efficient way

Prioritise regenerative resources

Account for the systems perspective during the design process, to use the right materials, to design for appropriate lifetime and to design for extended future use

Design for the future

Work together throughout the supply chain, internally within organisations and with the public sector and communities to increase transparency and create joint value

Team up to create joint value

Utilise bio-based, reusable, non-toxic and non-critical materials

Regenerative materials

Designing to reduce waste during production and use

Design out waste

Industry peers to industry peer collaboration to create joint value and identify synergies

Industry collaboration

Using <a href="https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals" target="_blank">materials that are not toxic or hazardous</a>.

Non-toxic materials and inputs

Enacting measures that optimise water use

Water efficiency

Designing products so they use as little materials, water, energy, etc. as possible during use

Design for resource efficiency

Working together with industry peers to engage in business activities or exploratory projects that advance the circular economy

Joint industry ventures, projects, pilots

Voluntary agreements around circular ambitions

VISION:
Raw materials are renewable, recyclable and safe, kept in continual circulation.

DETAIL:
Imagine a time when…the raw materials that are used to make things are sourced from existing products and regenerative agriculture, via carbon negative and climate neutral processes. Biodegradable raw materials are used for products with biodegradable end routes. Toxic chemicals have been washed out of the global materials pool, disposed of safely and replaced with beneficial alternatives. Virgin fibres made from fossil fuels have been banned, while secondary synthetic fibres, derived from what was already in the system, are kept in constant circulation as a resource. Circularity accounting methods, built on science-based metrics, help to manage a balanced system of resources, across all industries, and in line with the planet’s environmental limits.

Raw Materials and Planetary Boundaries

VISION:
Products and services are designed for multiple use and material value retention, with maximum positive impact.

DETAIL: 
Imagine a time when…products flow via optimal collection and distribution streams into reusable and repairable product platforms. Reuse and access models are dominant, and products are designed for multiple recirculation before biodegrading (if designed to do so), or being broken down into reusable raw materials for production. People only consume what they need. Production and consumption wastes have been fully eliminated and multifunctional, season-less and timeless fashions are the norm, yet still fulfil our human need for expression and creativity without constraint. All business models, organisations, governments and citizens play a role in maintaining a healthy, functioning circular ecosystem.

Products and Services

Prioritise regenerative resources [Textiles]

Regenerative materials [Textiles]

Using materials that are not toxic or hazardous.

Non-toxic materials and inputs [Textiles]

Replace freshwater with less impactful alternatives and enact water efficiency measures

Regenerative water [Textiles]

Water efficiency [Textiles]

Regenerate strategies phase out hazardous or toxic materials and processes and substitute them with regenerative biomass resources. A circular economy aims to mimic natural cycles—by shifting to more regenerative farming practices, for example—while also maximising the share of circular biomass that enters the economy. Regeneration can happen both at the systems level (by designing regenerative processes) as well as at the product level (by switching synthetic to organic fertilisers, for example).

Regenerate

Cycle strategies aim to cycle and reuse materials at their highest value: they maximise the volume of secondary materials re-entering the economy, ultimately minimising the need for virgin material inputs and therefore also narrowing flows. Of course, virgin materials will always be needed to a degree: all materials degrade and can’t be cycled infinitely, use energy, and require blending with virgin materials to maintain strength and functionality.

Cycle

Archetypes

Impacts

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Industries

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Materials

A framework of policy instruments that enabled and encourage the transition to the circular economy

Policy Instruments

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A framework of policy instruments that enable and stimulate the transition to the circular economy

Nace Sectors

The principles of a circular economy concern designing out waste, regenerating ecosystems and keeping items in use. Decoupling the economy from material flows—improving the rate of resource productivity faster than the economic growth rate—is also a consistent guide. By evolving with the growing number of applications of circular economy principles, and consolidating these strategies across thematic areas, Circle Economy’s Key Elements Framework (KE) renders the elements of the circular economy salient and serves as a basis to derive contextual strategies and interventions. 


The Framework consists of:
- Core Elements: Activities directly handling product or material flows; and uniquely,
- Enabling Elements: those that remove obstacles for core actors.


Key elements of the circular economy

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Circle Economy's framework of strategies and activities that define the circular economy

Topics

Urban Opportunities

Whilst no two countries are the same, there are still obvious similarities between some of them, with discernible development patterns and parallels in evidence. Common problems and shared solutions help place unique country identities and individual issues in context.

Whilst this classification is far from clear-cut and exhibits some overlap, it does underline how the discourse on transitioning to a circular economy needs to account for both differences and commonalities, if we are to arrive at a more strategic and instructive analysis. It also allows to highlight a set of key themes that are likely to be central to the countries that fall under the respective profiles. 

Country profiles (Build, Grow, Shift)

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A framework to distinguish between different country profiles and their circular transition needs.

Browse case studies by type of implementing stakeholder.

Implementing stakeholders

It is 2050.  Full systems change has taken place. This wouldn’t have been possible without the immediate action and radical steps taken from 2020 onwards. Many targets had to be identified in the early 2020s and achieved by 2030 to ensure that the 2050 goal happened in full. A sense of urgency, turbo stakeholder collaboration, supportive government regulation and clear, data driven targets enabled the mindsets and systems change needed to transform to a fully circular textiles ecosystem.

A circular economics model underpins what we have created. It reflects and supports a living organism made up of makers, users and restorers, interacting across vibrant and interconnected networks. Checks and balances, alongside transparency and accountability, ensure a healthy system. Financial, environmental, and social metrics have the purpose of serving communities and the planet. There is shared ownership of profit and loss – across all three metrics – throughout the value chain.

This is what we’ve achieved over the last 30 years:

WCTD Themes

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The Circular City Actions Framework provides urban changemakers with five complementary strategies they can use to start working towards a more circular system. 

The framework is action-based to provide users with concrete strategic directions and showcase the desired outcomes of each strategy. 
The framework consists of five complementary **strategies**, under which **sub-strategies** provide further detail. Finally, each sub-strategy consists of a diversity of tangible **solutions** which are framed in relation to key thematic areas. 

Note: solutions are currently focused on:
- 🍏 **Food systems**
- 🏢  **Built environment**
- 👕📱  **Consumer goods**
- ⚡ **Energy Systems**
- 🚌 **Mobility Systems**
- 💧 **Water Systems**

More thematic areas are coming soon...

'Click through each of the five strategy cards below to explore the framework and circular economy case studies in more depth!'



This framework was developed in collaboration with ICLEI, Metabolic and Ellen MacArthur Foundation with support from the MAVA Foundation. Read more about it [here]( https://circulars.iclei.org/action-framework/). 



Circular City Actions Framework

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An action-based framework for local governments working towards circular cities

Thematic Areas

In a circular economy:

* Food is produced regeneratively and, where possible, locally; 
* Biomass is optimally used—from agricultural by-products to manure, rainwater or used water; 
* Food losses and waste and packaging waste are designed out entirely; 
* Healthy, planetary diets are promoted and easier to access; and 
* Environmental and economic benefits are balanced with benefits to people and animals.

This definition builds on those of the [Ellen MacArthur Foundation](https://ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/cities-and-circular-economy-for-food), [Wageningen University](https://www.wur.nl/en/Dossiers/file/Circular-agrofood-system.htm), the [Platform for Accelerating the Circular Economy](https://pacecircular.org/sites/default/files/2021-02/circular-economy-action-agenda-food_0.pdf ) (PACE), as well as Circle Economy’s own work in analysing the climate mitigation potential of [circular food interventions](http://circularity-gap.world/2021).

Explore the different themes under this definition below.

Circular food themes

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Explore different themes under the concept of 'circular food'

Test Framework

Challenges

Based on the ongoing ISO standardisation process, a taxonomy has been defined under which to cluster indicators to measure circularity. 

ISO Taxonomy

If managed well, the transition to the circular economy will have multiple benefits for the labour market, including the opening up of job opportunities, raising job standards and reducing inequalities through a global redistribution of value. But a positive transition to circularity for work and workers must be underpinned by three pillars: upskilling the workforce, quality of work and inclusive job opportunities. Find out more and explore cases that illustrate these pillars below.

Circular Jobs Initiative Pillars

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A positive transition to circularity for work and workers must be underpinned by three core pillars.

This is a survey that dives into understanding the policy environment around specific circular solutions. 

The survey is divided into five sections, based on the five key elements of the Circular Cities Action Framework. 
Each section asks 2-3 questions to explore which policies may or may not be present within your city to support a transition towards a circular economy. 

You are not alone! Each question provides some practical examples from cities around the world that have adopted a certain policy to support their transition. This can help to compare with your city - is your city doing something similar?

The survey answers should be based on your current knowledge, and not illicit additional research - ! Please make use of the Not sure option as appropriate.


Ganbatte Cities Policy Tracker [Food]

Ganbatte Cities - Policy tracker policy instruments

Policy Tracker - TEST

The framework consists of 21 complementary interventions, across six scenarios - one for each of the six societal needs we model. These interventions can mitigate climate impact by curbing GHG emissions

Note: interventions are currently focused on:
- 🏠 Housing 
- 🍎 Nutrition
- 🚗 Mobility
- 👚📺 Consumables
- 👩‍⚕️👨‍⚕️ Healthcare
-  🔊 Communication

These 21 interventions are spread across six societal needs and wants, with a set of solutions. Within these solutions are strategies on ’how to get there'.  

The framework moves beyond incremental action and provides solutions that will require behavioral change (dietary shifts towards less meat consumption, for example) and the adoption of state-of-the-art technologies in the industry to mitigate emissions in hard-to-abate sectors (such as steel manufacturing). It illustrates how continued globalisation can benefit from the uptake of digital solutions. The combined interventions showcase the mitigation potential that begins where the current country pledges end; illustrating the additional impact our interventions can bring to the NDCs. In short, the interventions provide input for a more profound fundamental transformation than the more current pathways that make up the vast majority of NDCs. 

Together, the combined interventions can almost double the current global Circularity Metric of 8.6%, bringing it to 17%. 

This results in:
• Shrinking global material use and extraction by 28%. 
• Cutting global GHG emissions by 39%—fully closing the Emissions Gap as defined in our report and taking into account the updated NDCs.
• Allowing the world to achieve the Paris Agreement’s goal of keeping at 1.5-degrees of warming by 2032.

*This framework was developed in the Circularity Gap Report 2021. Read more about it [here](https://www.circle-economy.com/resources/circularity-gap-report-2021)*






Global Circularity Gap Report

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An intervention-based framework for nations and stakeholders working towards circular countries

Indicator Cluster

This refers to the framework, standard or database from where the indicator is sourced

Indicator Source

The Textiles Key Elements Framework is based on the main Key Elements Framework which renders the elements of the circular economy salient and serves as a basis to derive textile-focused strategies and interventions. 

The framework is action-based to provide users with concrete inspiring exemples to prevent and reduce the textiles waste mountain. 

The Framework consists of:
- 3 core elements: activities directly handling textile product or material flows; and uniquely,
- 4 Enabling Elements: those that remove obstacles for core actors.

Under which strategies provide further detail. Finally, each strategy consists of a diversity of tangible solutions which are framed in relation to the sought outcome. 

'Click through each of the seven elements cards below to explore the framework and circular textile-focused case studies in more depth!'

This framework was developed in collaboration with Circle Economy's textiles team. Read more about it [here]( https://www.circle-economy.com/programmes/textiles). 

Textiles Key Elements Framework

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 An action-based framework for apparel brands working towards circular strategies

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Based on the work of [Bocken et al. (2016)](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309699661_Product_design_and_business_model_strategies_for_a_circular_economy), the Four Flows Framework serves as a simple framework for managing resource flows in a circular economy by using less (Narrow), using for longer (Slow), using again (Cycle), and using clean, regenerative materials and energy (Regenerate).

These different principles of circular economy can be applied to our socioeconomic metabolism: we can design stocks like buildings, infrastructure, machinery, and vehicles to be rich resource mines for the future, and design manufactured goods and consumables to be cycled and made regenerative. Furthermore, the focus must also centre on getting more value out of fewer materials. Achieving the aims of a circular economy—minimising material use, regenerating the Earth, and preventing material losses—can be done through these four key strategies mentioned above.

Source: Circle Economy. (2023). *[The circularity gap report 2023](https://www.circularity-gap.world/2023)* (p.22). Amsterdam: Circle Economy. 

Four Flows Framework

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          SPINNOVA & HALTI PRESS RELEASE 22.11.2022
The Cyclus unisex parka jacket is the first product from Spinnova and Halti’s partnership, and the newest addition to Halti’s urban Kallio® collection. The water resistant and windproof parka is made from SPINNOVA® fibre and cotton and has been dyed with imogo’s hi-precision dyeing technology. This is the first product to make use of both Spinnova and imogo’s technologies. The parka will be available for purchase in spring 2023. Finnish outdoor brand Halti has revealed the first product made from SPINNOVA® fibre – a water resistant and windproof parka fashioned from SPINNOVA® and cotton. The Cyclus unisex parka is part of Halti’s newly launched Kallio® by Halti collection, featuring timeless pieces that are fit for urban environments but carry the same high-performance qualities as all of Halti’s outdoor apparel. The parka jacket will be available for purchase in spring 2023. 

 “We have extremely high criteria for all the materials we use at Halti: not only do we look for recyclability and sustainability, but the materials we use must withstand wear and tear, protecting their users from wind and horizontal rain. It is fascinating to use new materials and learn how they work in practice. Our long-term aim is to make products such as the Cyclus unisex parka widely available to consumers, becoming wardrobe staples for everyday wear. Knowing that SPINNOVA® doesn’t compromise on performance or sustainability makes them a natural partner for us to work with,” says Halti’s CEO Aki Kuusilehto. 
  
The Cyclus unisex parka combines two next-generation technologies in its production: made from SPINNOVA® fibre, the parka has also been dyed with Swedish textile technology company imogo’s hi-precision dyeing technology. imogo's patented technology is highly resource efficient, decreasing energy, chemical and water use by over 90% compared to conventional jet dyeing. The production process of SPINNOVA® fibre uses minimal water and zero harmful chemicals and the fibre is fully biodegradable and circular. Spinnova announced their partnership with imogo in July 2022. As two thirds of a garment’s CO2 emissions are typically caused by material production, dyeing and treatment, replacing traditional textile processing methods with new technologies such as Spinnova and imogo’s presents a real opportunity for fashion brands looking to decrease their carbon footprint – as well as their water and chemical use.“Halti and imogo are both examples of strong Nordic brands that are constantly pushing the boundaries of creativity, performance and sustainability. We’re excited to deepen our partnership with both companies and can’t wait for the Cyclus unisex parka to hit the stores,” Spinnova CEO Kim Poulsen adds.This product launch is an integral part of Spinnova’s commercialisation journey.  Together with its investor and joint venture partner Suzano, Spinnova aims to scale its global production to one million tonnes of sustainable SPINNOVA® fibre annually by 2031-2033 – providing global fashion brands and retailers with a versatile and sustainable fibre at scale.Contact: Kim Poulsen, Spinnova CEOcomms@spinnova.comAki Kuusilehto, Halti Oy CEO+358 400 444 608 aki.kuusilehto@halti.fi  
Spinnova transforms the way textiles are manufactured globally. Based in Finland, Spinnova has developed breakthrough patented technology for making textile fibre out of wood or waste, such as leather, textile or agricultural waste, without harmful chemicals. The SPINNOVA® fibre creates zero waste and side streams or microplastics, and its CO2 emissions and water use are minimal. SPINNOVA® materials are quickly biodegradable and circular. Spinnova is committed to using only sustainable raw materials such as FSC certified wood and waste. SPINNOVA® fibre is produced without harmful or complex chemical processes, and has the touch and feel of natural fibres such as cotton and linen. Spinnova has received awards from e.g. Fast Company, ISPO, Scandinavian Outdoor, ANDAM, Monocle, Marie Claire UK and TIME magazine.Spinnova’s shares (SPINN) are listed on the Nasdaq First North Growth Market Finland. SPINNOVA® home: www.spinnova.com   Corporate & IR site: www.spinnovagroup.com  
Halti is a Finnish outdoor brand with over 45 years of experience of designing products for outdoor life and sports. Our roots are in the northern climate and its ruthless arctic weather. We exist to help and inspire everyone find their own way to enjoy outdoor activities and connect to the natural world. Whether it is in the wilderness or in the nearby city park. With Think Ahead, Halti’s sustainable development programme, we take responsibility for our social, environmental and financial footprints. We constantly develop our processes and strive to design products that are timeless, durable and made from recycled and sustainable materials. A lot of work is still ahead, but Halti is committed to take the steps forward – in every phase of the product lifecycle. Halti is established in 1976 and the head office is located in Sipoo, Finland.More information: https://www.halti.fi/https://halti.com/

 

 Textile fibres are estimated to be the single largest contributor of greenhouse gas emissions in the fashion industry. Spinnova is at the forefront of helping brands significantly reduce their emissions and has now verified its climate impact with an expert assessment with the help of an external climate business consultancy. Their assessment shows that Spinnova’s carbon footprint is 1.28 kg CO2e/kg fibre which is 72% lower compared to conventional cotton (4.6 kgCO2e/kg fibre). 
The only by-product of Spinnova’s first commercial factory is carbon neutral surplus heat, which will be reused in a local district heating network, reducing 3.2 kg CO2e/kg of emissions that would otherwise be produced in generating district heat. Taking this into account, Spinnova’s production actually saves more CO2 emissions than it emits. The emission savings of Spinnova’s annual production correspond to driving almost 14 million kilometres, or 350 times around the globe.
When replacing conventional cotton with SPINNOVA®, fashion brands can save 6.5 kg CO2e/kg of fibre produced. This positive climate impact is called the carbon handprint, and it compares the climate impact of two products intended for the same use. In this case, SPINNOVA® fibre produced at the first commercial factory in Jyväskylä was compared to the average climate impact of conventional cotton production from cradle-to-gate – so from farming the raw material, wood or cotton, to the end of the fibre production process.  


Finnish outdoor brand Halti today unveils a new partnership with sustainable fibre company Spinnova as part of the latter’s commercialisation journey. The parka, made from Spinnova fibre and cotton, is water-resistant and windproof and made for urban environments. — The materials we use must withstand wear and tear, protecting their users from wind and horizontal rain, says Halti’s CEO Aki Kuusilehto. It is fascinating to use new materials and learn how they work in practice. Knowing that Spinnova doesn’t compromise on performance or sustainability makes them a natural partner for us to work with, says Halti’s CEO Aki Kuusilehto.  The Cyclus Parka. Two-thirds of a garment’s CO2 emissions are typically caused by material production, dyeing, and treatment, so replacing traditional textile processing methods with new technologies presents a real opportunity for fashion brands looking to decrease their carbon footprint and water and chemical use. This parka, hitting stores next spring, is the first product to make use of both Spinnova and imogo’s technologies. — Halti and imogo are both examples of strong Nordic brands that are constantly pushing the boundaries of creativity, performance, and sustainability, says Spinnova CEO Kim Poulsen.  imogo describes its patented hi-precision dyeing technology as highly resource efficient and decreases energy, chemical and water use by over 90% compared to conventional jet dyeing. — It’s a spinoff from The Swedish School of Textiles, founded in 2018 around a new process for digital spray dyeing of textiles on an industrial scale, co-founder Per Stenflo explains. The process is unique in many ways, also the fact that it produces virtually no waste contributes to sustainable production. The wet processing of fabrics is the single most wasteful process in textile production. Very little has happened in the field for decades. The industry is desperately looking for new sustainable alternatives to traditional methods. It is recognized by the major European and American brands that will not reach their environmental goals for 2030 and beyond without new technology in the dyeing step. Our Digital Spray Dyeing technology answers these demands. With a production capacity of up to 20 ton per 24 hours and a very high degree of flexibility, the process answer both to fast fashion with shorter batches as well as to bulk production. The environmental profile in combination with high productivity makes the process very attractive to brands, consumers, and producers alike. imogo has worked with Spinnova for a couple of years. The partnership, Stenflo continues, combines sustainable Spinnova fabrics with sustainable dyeing.  — The combination is simply completely logical and brings yet another dimension to sustainable fashion. Together, we have made a number of test productions on our pilot line outside of Borås in Sweden. Producers and brands from America, Europe, Turkey, and Southern Asia have visited us in the last year to do trials on their fabrics. Our first industrial, full-scale line will be commissioned in Q1 next year, he says, adding, — Never have I experienced such a drive for change as in the fashion industry right now. What was, only a few years ago, nothing more than talk, is now happening at an accelerating phase. Extra inspiring is the role that Scandinavian countries are playing in the transition. Brands, new sustainable fibres, natural dyes, and now also machinery all contribute to the innovative Scandinavian textile scene — the coming years promise to be very interesting. To get more stories like this, sign up for our newsletter here
 Per Stenflo, co-founder of innovation company imogo, on the parka jacket aiming to set new standards. 

Finland

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<p>The Cyclus unisex parka jacket is the first product from SPINNOVA® and Halti's collaboration also the first product that incorporates both Spinnova and Imogo Technologies. The parka is made of SPINNOVA® fibre and cotton and has been dyed with imogo's hi-precision dyeing technology.</p>