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Circle Economy and ICLEI have partnered up to initiate the go to knowledge hub of case studies about the circular economy in cities. The Cities Collection is a repository of case studies that demonstrate the role of cities in the circular transition, and includes policies, business cases and research articles. Cases in the Collection flow into an ecosystem of digital products which support users in transitioning cities to circularity, for example [Ganbatte](https://ganbatte.world/cities/) and <a href="https://circulars.iclei.org/" target="_blank">ICLEI Circulars</a>, both part of the <a href="https://circulars.iclei.org/circle-lab-for-cities/" target = _blank">Circle Lab for Cities Programme.</a>

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Circular Cities

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Article / Report

Impact on the availability of resources as well as their effect on living organisms, ecosystems, and components of the environment.

Ecological Impact

Impacts on the social fabric of the community and well-being of the individuals and families.

Social Impact

Impact on increased knowledge and understanding as a result of the case study

Increase Awareness

Impact on the health and happiness of human populations

Well-being

Reduced green house gas emissions released into the biosphere

Reduce Emissions (SDG13)

Producing transporation equipment and providing services for thetransportation of goods and people

Transportation and Logistics

Providing air, water, rail, and land transportation for passengers, such as airlines, airports, ferries, cruise-ships, tour boat operators, marine ports, railways, train stations, tour bus operators, vehicle rental, and taxi companies, travel agencies and related services

Passenger Transport Services

Ensure renewable, reusable, non-toxic resources are utilised as materials and energy in an efficient way

Prioritise regenerative resources

Work together throughout the supply chain, internally within organisations and with the public sector and communities to increase transparency and create joint value

Team up to create joint value

Replace energy sources with less impactful alternatives and enact energy efficiency measures

Regenerative energy

Engage with the government on circular policies and programmes

Government collaboration

Enacting measures that optimise energy use

Energy efficiency

Participating in government programmes that support and advance the circular economy

Government programmes

'Manage' influences the use and function of physical and material elements within the urban environment. 

Manage

Infrastructure

Develop infrastructure to support sustainable lifestyles

'Mobilise' sets the direction of and builds momentum towards long-term change, while also determining how this direction is determined and governed.

Mobilise

Visions and Ambitions

Roadmaps and strategies and targets

Do better with less by using and supporting infrastructure, processes and products that are designed to minimize material, water and energy use and waste generation from production to end of use


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Reduce

Put enablers in place that allow circular businessesto grow, thrive and innovate (e.g. incubators, start-up funding, partnerships, innovation deals, business capacity building and testing groundsfor new business models).


Support circular and resource-efficient business innovations

In cities, logistics is a key part of the mobility system, with freight transport making up on average 25% of traffic in cities, while taking up 40% of the road space, and generating 40% of transport-related emissions ([ICLEI](https://sustainablemobility.iclei.org/framing-sustainable-urban-logistics-in-cities/)). Often, urban logistics and freight vehicles commonly carry loads that are below full capacity, since much of urban logistics is centred around the last- or first- mile which has a strong preference for speed and convenience. This therefore means that more vehicles are on the streets, contributing to increased emissions, congestion and air pollution in urban areas. 

Optimisation of urban logistics systems can reduce the total quantities of vehicles on the roads and associated emissions and congestion. In addition to this, cities that are intrinsically linked to a port can optimise the incoming freight, the logistics of unloading, before such loads enter the urban mobility system. One such example is shared logistics systems that pool resources intelligently via digital systems that can match available load capacity with demand to minimise the total quantity of kilometres travelled and the number of vehicles required. Furthermore, decentralised distribution centres throughout cities can act as hubs for low-carbon and non-motorised logistics vehicles and achieve similar benefits in reducing the number of vehicles driving in cities, which can be particularly effective for last- and first-mile logistics.

Local governments can support such optimisation systems by providing financial and in kind aid to innovations and initiatives that are focused on improving the technologies and processes that underpin and enable urban logistics. To this end, cities can share real-time transport related data to optimise logistics routes and support such innovations. Finally, cities can also leverage regulations to establish a minimum load capacity for logistics vehicles entering (certain parts of) the city. 


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🚌  Optimised & low-carbon freight and logistics systems

Regenerate strategies phase out hazardous or toxic materials and processes and substitute them with regenerative biomass resources. A circular economy aims to mimic natural cycles—by shifting to more regenerative farming practices, for example—while also maximising the share of circular biomass that enters the economy. Regeneration can happen both at the systems level (by designing regenerative processes) as well as at the product level (by switching synthetic to organic fertilisers, for example).

Regenerate

Impacts

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Industries

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A framework of policy instruments that enabled and encourage the transition to the circular economy

Policy Instruments

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A framework of policy instruments that enable and stimulate the transition to the circular economy

The principles of a circular economy concern designing out waste, regenerating ecosystems and keeping items in use. Decoupling the economy from material flows—improving the rate of resource productivity faster than the economic growth rate—is also a consistent guide. By evolving with the growing number of applications of circular economy principles, and consolidating these strategies across thematic areas, Circle Economy’s Key Elements Framework (KE) renders the elements of the circular economy salient and serves as a basis to derive contextual strategies and interventions. 


The Framework consists of:
- Core Elements: Activities directly handling product or material flows; and uniquely,
- Enabling Elements: those that remove obstacles for core actors.


Key elements of the circular economy

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Circle Economy's framework of strategies and activities that define the circular economy

The Circular City Actions Framework provides urban changemakers with five complementary strategies they can use to start working towards a more circular system. 

The framework is action-based to provide users with concrete strategic directions and showcase the desired outcomes of each strategy. 
The framework consists of five complementary **strategies**, under which **sub-strategies** provide further detail. Finally, each sub-strategy consists of a diversity of tangible **solutions** which are framed in relation to key thematic areas. 

Note: solutions are currently focused on:
- 🍏 **Food systems**
- 🏢  **Built environment**
- 👕📱  **Consumer goods**
- ⚡ **Energy Systems**
- 🚌 **Mobility Systems**
- 💧 **Water Systems**

More thematic areas are coming soon...

'Click through each of the five strategy cards below to explore the framework and circular economy case studies in more depth!'



This framework was developed in collaboration with ICLEI, Metabolic and Ellen MacArthur Foundation with support from the MAVA Foundation. Read more about it [here]( https://circulars.iclei.org/action-framework/). 



Circular City Actions Framework

An action-based framework for local governments working towards circular cities

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Based on the work of [Bocken et al. (2016)](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309699661_Product_design_and_business_model_strategies_for_a_circular_economy), the Four Flows Framework serves as a simple framework for managing resource flows in a circular economy by using less (Narrow), using for longer (Slow), using again (Cycle), and using clean, regenerative materials and energy (Regenerate).

These different principles of circular economy can be applied to our socioeconomic metabolism: we can design stocks like buildings, infrastructure, machinery, and vehicles to be rich resource mines for the future, and design manufactured goods and consumables to be cycled and made regenerative. Furthermore, the focus must also centre on getting more value out of fewer materials. Achieving the aims of a circular economy—minimising material use, regenerating the Earth, and preventing material losses—can be done through these four key strategies mentioned above.

Source: Circle Economy. (2023). *[The circularity gap report 2023](https://www.circularity-gap.world/2023)* (p.22). Amsterdam: Circle Economy. 

Four Flows Framework

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  On 25 September 2020, Mayor of Bogor City, Bima Arya Sugiarto served as a panelist in the last CLP webinar series, ‘Resilience Innovations and Carbon Trade in the Asia Pacific.”’The CLP is an exclusive series of leadership and technical webinarsthat aims to increase the capacities of climate change practitioners in the Asia Pacific with to help them transform their communities while addressing the impacts of climate change. The CLP is an annual program by CityNet, and this year, it is jointly organized by Jakarta Research Council, ICLEI Southeast Asia and East Asia, Beijing ArchiCity Consulting Co. Ltd and GrEEnAcc. 
Mayor Sugiarto was joined by Mr. Dicky Edwin Hindarto, Advisor, Indonesia Joint Crediting System; Mrs. Liu Qing, Carbon Market Business Manager, China Emission Exchange (CEEX) Guangzhou; Mrs. Dr. Felicia Jiang, Associate Researcher, Natural Resources Policy, Ministry of Natural Resources; and Mr. Allendri B. Angeles, Acting City Environment and Natural Resources Officer and Solid Waste Management Officer, Pasig City, Philippines.
The following are some of Bogor City’s major initiatives in its transition towards low-emission development and climate resilience:

Accomplishing climate risk and vulnerability assessment (CRVA) for 2021-2050 along with the greenhouse gas inventory (GHGI)  for 2015-2018 that are supported under Urban Low Emission Development Strategies Phase II (Urban-LEDS II) project.
Allocating 7.3% of 2019 local budget to support climate change mitigation and adaptation actions, which will further be increased in the next fiscal year.
Issuing 24 local regulations along with 27  mayoral regulations.
Collaborating with development partners at national and regional levels, academia, private sector, local and international NGOs, including ICLEI-Local Governments for Sustainability, Clean Air Asia, AFD, AIUWASH PLUS, GIZ SUTIP. This will also help maintain and widen the city’s network in the future.
Directing climate change mitigation and adaptation actions toward four dimensions: energy preservation, land use optimization, waste management and health improvement.
Initiatives on energy preservation: rerouting city transportation, increasing pedestrian and bicycle lanes,promoting energy efficiency in public, commercial, and residential buildings,  green transportation and initiation of tram.
Increasing green open spaces through urban farming, sustainable agriculture, redistribution of space functions, thematic village, planting trees on critical lands and construction of retention ponds and absorption wells are the initiatives for land use optimization.
Waste management initiatives: waste bank, temporary landfill equipped with 3R concept, wastewater management, communal septic tank facilities, community-based waste management, Bogor plastic program, law enforcement in the waste sector and naturalization of rivers.
Construction of hazardous and toxic materials of wastewater management, prevention and eradication of dengue disease, prevention and control of infectious diseases, application of smoke free areas and environmental health improvement are initiatives for health improvement.

Recommended links: 


 Mayor Bima shares some of Bogor’s transport initiatives. The sector accounts for 28% of the city’s GHG emissions. In one of the parallel sessions during SMFCC, Mayor Bima Arya talked about Bogor City’s three-pronged identity as a smart, green, and heritage city in Indonesia. As a model city of the Urban-LEDS II project and a committed city under the Global Covenant for Climate and Energy (GCoM), Bogor continuously works with ICLEI – Local Governments for Sustainability in implementing local urban low emission development strategies. The Urban-LEDS II is an international project implemented by ICLEI and UN-Habitat and funded by the European Commission.During his presentation, Mayor Bima emphasized the need for accelerated climate action at the local level not only to support international agreements and national commitments but because this also translates to a better quality of life for people in the city. He also shared that Bogor potentially aims to reduce 29-33% of its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2030 relative to their 2010 level.Some of Bogor’s initiatives include expansion of the pedestrian path to promote walking and ecomobility as well as the use of compressed natural gas (CNG) in its public transportation. Bogor boasts of its public open space owing to the presence of a botanical garden within the heart of the city. Mayor Bima also strongly advocates for energy efficiency especially in the operation of government-ownedbuildings and facilities. Recognizing that the city cannot operate in silo, Bogor has forged partnerships with neighboring localities such as Bogor Regency and DKI Jakarta for various urban development programs and projects.Ms. Amanda Eichel, GCoM Director shared the overall objectives of the GCoM highlighting that GCoM is the largest global alliance for city climate leadership, built upon the commitment of over 10,000 cities and local governments. GCoM-committed cities share a long-term vision of supporting voluntary actionto combat climate change and work towards a resilient and low-emission society. The session marked a new beginning of GCoM in Korea as members of the global and national secretariat as well as selected Korean cities convene to discuss innovative solutions for tackling climate change and energy.Held under the theme of “Local climate action in the post-2020 climate change regime,” the 3rd SMFCC aims to provide a platform for mayors around the world to discuss urban roles in the new regime. The SMFCC showcases how local governments are already taking the leading roles to limit global warming to 1.5°C to deliver on the commitment of the Paris Agreement. Speakers and session organizers pose for a group photo including Ms. Yeonhee Park, ICLEI Korea Director (second from left), Ms. Giorgia Rambelli, head of International Urban Cooperation (IUC) coordination unit (fourth from left), Mayor Bima Arya of Bogor City (fifth from left), and Ms. Amanda Eichel of GCoM (rightmost). 

           Setelah beberapa kali melakukan kajian dengan berbagai pihak, Kota Bogor layak dibangun Tramway (kereta yang memiliki rel khusus di dalam kota). Ilustrasi/SINDOnews  BOGOR - Kepala Badan Pengatur Transportasi Jabodetabek (BPTJ) Bambang Prihartono mengungkapkan, setelah beberapa kali rapat dan melakukan kajian dengan berbagai pihak, Kota Bogor layak dibangun Tramway ( kereta yang memiliki rel khusus di dalam kota)."Hari ini bersama pak Wakil Wali Kota kita ingin mengetahui dan mendengarkan paparan dari konsultan terkait feasibility study pembangunan railway di Kota Bogor. Intinya adalah dari hasil kajian bahwa pembangunan railway di Kota Bogor sudah layak," ungkapnya di Balai Kota Bogor, Jumat (17/1/2020).Dia menjelaskan, dalam mempersiapkan penyelenggaran Tramway di Kota Bogor, BPTJ akan mengintegrasikan, karena Tramway ini tidak bisa berdiri sendiri."Dalam hal ini Tramway akan kita gunakan sebagai feeder (pengumpan), oleh karena itu Tramway ini harus terintegrasi dengan moda transportasi lainnya yaitu Light Rail Transit (LRT), dari Cibubur, Jakarta Timur ke Baranangsiang, Kota Bogor," ujarnya.Terkait dengan itu, Baranangsiang ini memang akan dibangun sebagai terminal terpadu yang terintegrasi dengan moda transportasi lainnya. "Ya itu sebagai tugas BPTJ untuk mengawal pelaksanaan penyelenggaraan transportasi. Soal pembangunan (Tramway) bisa siapa saja, LRT (Kemenhub dari Perkeretaapian), kemudian Baranangsiang itu BPTJ yang melaksanakannya dengan melibatkan perusahaan BUMN," ungkapnya.Bahkan, ada prakarsa lainnya, pelaksanaan pembangunan transportasi massal ini akan berlanjut ke Puncak, Bogor. "Bukan Tramway yang berlanjut ke Puncak itu, tapi angkutan lain berbasis rel juga," katanya.Sementara itu, Wakil Wali Kota Bogor Dedie A Rachim menjelaskan yang diusulkan penyelenggaraan Tramway trase atau koridor pertama ini sejauh atau sepanjang 7,1 dari Baranangsiang ke Otista, kemudian Jalan Juanda, Kapten Muslihat (Alun-alun Bogor), Pengadilan, Jalan Jalak Hatupat (Sempur), Jalan Pajajaran kembali ke Baranangsiang."Jadi berdasarkan dukungan kajian teman-teman dari Colas, Iroda dan Egis (konsultan), itu 7,1 kilometer untuk trase pertama. Usulan dari Pemkot Bogor waktu itu ada empat trase yang memungkinkan untuk dibangun Tramway," katanya.Lebih lanjut, ia menambahkan, pihaknya akan fokus trase pertama dulu dan itu sedang dibahas terkait skema pembiayaannya. "Yang jelas tiga perusahaan konsultan ini menyebutkan, Trem sangat layak di implementasikan di Kota Bogor. Berikutnya dipikiran skema pembiayaan yang dimungkinkan kerja sama dengan pihak lain," tegasnya.Managing Director - Asia Pasifik Colas Rail Jerome Bellemin menuturkan secara kontur tanah, kemiringan dan luas lintasan Kota Bogor layak menggunakan moda transportasi trem. Dalam kajian itu, Jerome juga menjelaskan trem yang digunakan lebih baik yang baru."Kita baru saja menjelaskan perkembangan dan apa yang akan diselesaikan, sehingga kita bisa menyampaikan feasibility study yang lengkap," kata Jerome.Ketimbang menerima hibah trem dari Belanda, Jerome menyarankan agar Pemerintah Kota (Pemkot) Bogor lebih memilih trem yang baru. Pasalnya, trem baru akan dapat digunakan dalam jangka panjang. "Kita lebih merujuk pada yang baru. Kita juga membahas opsi, dampak positif dan negatif menggunakan modal transportasi itu," jelasnya.      

 
 The Documentation of the Optimization Program of Bogor Regency TPS 3R and Waste Bank from the Year of 2020 – 2021 is a digital guide book published in collaboration with Waste4Change, Dow Indonesia, and the Bogor Regency Environmental Service Agency (Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Kabupaten Bogor). This e-book is the outcome of the optimization program of Bogor Regency TPS 3R and  Waste Bank that was held from January 2020 to January 2021.   Dokumentasi Program Optimalisasi TPS 3R dan Bank Sampah 2020-2021 diterbitkan oleh Waste4Change, Dow Indonesia, dan Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Kabupaten Bogor  Indonesia produces about 175.000 tons of waste each day, where 40% of it comes from domestic waste. The complexity of the waste problem in Indonesia is also inevitable to Bogor Regency. Almost 2,850 tons of Bogor residents’ waste is generated every day and only 700 tons are distributed to the landfill. The implementation of the Reduce, Reuse and Recycle Waste Management Site (Tempat Pengelolaan Sampah 3R – TPS 3R) is a solid waste management approach involving the role of citizens and government. In collaboration with DOW Indonesia, Waste4Change assisted three locations of TPS 3R and Waste Bank in Bogor Regency for one year; Green Altari in Ciomas sub-district, The Ganesha Lestari waste bank in Telaga Kahuripan sub-district, and the Sampah Lisan Bumi waste bank in East Cilebut sub-district. This program is hoped to be a learning medium for Non-Governmental Groups (Kelompok Swadaya Masyarakat) to improve solid waste management in their area. Partisipasi masyarakat di wilayah Green Altari  The Objectives of the TPS 3R Optimization Program  The TPS3R Optimization Program also involved several stakeholders to achieve some of the objectives as follows: Building a circular economic ecosystem:A. Reduce the waste that ended up in the landfill up to 30% from the initial limit.B. Increase the recycling rate up to 30% from the initial limitC. Create a business plan for managing waste with related business partnersBuilding responsible and sustainable waste management at TPS 3R:A. Clear responsibilities for each division within the stakeholdersB. Own a house-scale waste management regulationC. Able to carry out responsible waste managementD. Well financial conditionE. Community participation in the waste management systemDocumenting the learning of the mentoring programA. Formulate the results of the assistance for the TPS3R optimization program to all stakeholdersB. Share the knowledge with local government, central government (PUPR), and other stakeholders. Not only improving the function of TPS 3R, but this program also supports regional policies and strategies (Jakstrada) related to the reduction of household and household-like waste in Bogor Regency. Since starting its operations in January 2020, this program has involved more than 20 Non-Governmental Organizations (Kelompok Swadaya Masyarakat) and has succeeded in increasing the recycling rate to 20,154 tons of waste.  Beside the Bogor Regency Environmental Agency (Dinas Lingkungan Hidup), there are several parties involved in this program, including: Waste4Change, a responsible waste management company that was founded in 2014 in Bekasi, West Java that provides holistic waste management services, such as Community-Based Implementation (w4c.id/CBI), a community development program that offers sustainable waste management education and assistance for local community and institutionDOW Indonesia: An innovative, customer-oriented, inclusive, and sustainable material-science company that aims to provide a sustainable future for the world through a variety of semi-finished industrial products such as coatings and silicones. The 2020-2021 Documentation of the Bogor Regency TPS 3R and Waste Bank Optimization Program is free for everyone to download and use. This book summarized the entire learning process that has been carried out by the three non-governmental organizations (KSM) during this program. Apart from helping the sustainability of waste management in Bogor Regency, this digital guide is also expected to be a learning material for waste management actors to participate in optimizing TPS3R in their respective cities. Download it for free here.  

   In 2017, Bogor became the first Indonesian city to implement a point-of-sale tobacco display ban as part of its smokefree law.   The city of Bogor, Indonesia, won a court case upholding its ban on the display of tobacco products at point-of-sale on 24 February. In 2017, Bogor became the first Indonesian city to implement a point-of-sale tobacco display ban as part of its smokefree law.
The case against the ban was raised by three retailers, who claimed that it was unreasonable because cigarettes are legal, and contribute to excise taxes and to the success of local businesses.
Overwhelming support was expressed by Bogor residents and civil society members across Indonesia in favour of maintaining Bogor’s tobacco control policies, which serve to protect people from the harms of tobacco and to prevent young people from starting smoking. The Union’s grantee, the Muhammadiyah Student Association, rallied young people in Bogor to send 1000 letters in support of the city’s smokefree law to the Mayor. 
Technical and legal support to contest the lawsuit was provided by The Union and other organisations including RAYA Indonesia, No Tobacco Community (NOTC) and the Ministry of Health.
Mayor Bima Arya of Bogor welcomed the Supreme Court’s decision to uphold the ban on the display of tobacco products at point-of-sale. He said: “Data shows that smoking is a major contributor to stunting in children and undernourishment, as families are spending more money on cigarettes than on nutritious food. Bogor City’s smokefree policies help our community.”
“Displaying tobacco products at point-of-sale is one of the primary channels for tobacco companies to market their products, especially to children and young people,” said Dr Tara Singh Bam, Deputy Regional Director for Asia Pacific at The Union. “The Supreme Court verdict to uphold the ban is a huge public health win for tobacco control, as it will give confidence to all subnational leaders across the Asia Pacific region to implement lifesaving policies like this without fear of being targeted by similar lawsuits.” 

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Bogor

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Municipality of Bogor

UNHabitat

 ICLEI-Urban Leds

With the increase of inhabitants in Bogor, the city has to adapt. Therefore, the project "Accelerating Climate Action through the Promotion of Urban Low Emission Development Strategies" was created to reduce ecological impacts and improve citizens' living environment.One of the strategies is to reroute city transportation, increasing pedestrians and bicycle lanes, and green transportation.The project is set to be finalized in 2024, and through it, a drastic reduction of emissions is expected.