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Circle Economy and ICLEI have partnered up to initiate the go to knowledge hub of case studies about the circular economy in cities. The Cities Collection is a repository of case studies that demonstrate the role of cities in the circular transition, and includes policies, business cases and research articles. Cases in the Collection flow into an ecosystem of digital products which support users in transitioning cities to circularity, for example [Ganbatte](https://ganbatte.world/cities/) and <a href="https://circulars.iclei.org/" target="_blank">ICLEI Circulars</a>, both part of the <a href="https://circulars.iclei.org/circle-lab-for-cities/" target = _blank">Circle Lab for Cities Programme.</a>

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Circular Cities

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Article / Report

Impact on the availability of resources as well as their effect on living organisms, ecosystems, and components of the environment.

Ecological Impact

Impacts on the social fabric of the community and well-being of the individuals and families.

Social Impact

Impact on increased knowledge and understanding as a result of the case study

Increase Awareness

Minimise waste through diversion: Instead of sending waste to landfill, it is redirected into other industrial processes for handling, treatment, recycling, recovery, or reuse in various forms. 

Minimise waste through design: At the outset of a process of project, plan and design such that there is zero waste or minimal waste during production, use, and at end of life. 

Minimise Waste (SDG12)

Societal Services

Collecting waste from households and businesses by means of refuse bins, wheeled bins, containers, etc., and providing treatment, incineration, materials recovery and reclamation, and disposal of hazardous and non-hazardous waste

Waste Management

Utilise waste streams as a source of secondary resources and recover waste for reuse and recycling

Use waste as a resource

Work together throughout the supply chain, internally within organisations and with the public sector and communities to increase transparency and create joint value

Team up to create joint value

Reuse, repurpose, and recycle waste streams within the same industry

Valorise waste streams - closed loop

Engage with the government on circular policies and programmes

Government collaboration

Collection programmes that process products and parts for reuse or recycling within the same industry

Closed loop collection

Participating in government programmes that support and advance the circular economy

Government programmes

'Manage' influences the use and function of physical and material elements within the urban environment. 

Manage

Infrastructure

Develop infrastructure to support sustainable lifestyles

'Mobilise' sets the direction of and builds momentum towards long-term change, while also determining how this direction is determined and governed.

Mobilise

Visions and Ambitions

Metrics and indicators to measure progress

Redesign systems to lay the foundation for circular activities and enable the transition to a circular economy 

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Rethink

Do better with less by using and supporting infrastructure, processes and products that are designed to minimize material, water and energy use and waste generation from production to end of use


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Reduce

High-level changes to policy and practice (such as taxation systems, investment and procurement guidelines and criteria) that disincentivize activities that perpetuate linear economic systems, as well as vision-setting (goals, roadmaps) to catalyze
action on circularity across the city

Eliminate linear incentives and set goals and incentives for circularity

Put enablers in place that allow circular businessesto grow, thrive and innovate (e.g. incubators, start-up funding, partnerships, innovation deals, business capacity building and testing groundsfor new business models).


Support circular and resource-efficient business innovations

When organic wastes are landfilled, the value and nutrients are lost and irrecoverable. Landfilling also causes additional environmental pressure, for example, the decomposition of food and organic waste in landfills emits greenhouse gases into the climate. Reducing the space required for landfills creates opportunities for better use. 

Local governments have an important role to play in the elimination of the landfilling of organic wastes. Municipalities with the legislative authority to do so can introduce legislation that bans organic wastes from being landfilled and fines non-compliance.

Municipalities can ensure that municipal organic wastes are collected and diverted from landfill by mandating certain processing techniques, for example, composting or anaerobic digestion. 
 


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🍏  Phase out landfilling of organic waste

Buildings house all production activities, and also are where people spend the majority of their time. Consequently ‘buildings’ consume  resources, namely energy and water, and produce large amounts of waste. 

The use phase of buildings represents the largest resource flows during their lifecycle. Optimised operations for different types of buildings—such as offices, industrial and commercial facilities or houses—can reduce energy, water and waste consumption, as well as operating costs, and enhance the wellbeing of users. 

Local governments can support Information and communication technology (ICT) innovation for the circular management of building operations for instance, by adopting new technologies, digital services and systems that can help with the monitoring and evaluation of (water and energy) efficiency. At the local level, policy can also set new building standards that can scale up net-zero waste, energy and water buildings. Then, the uptake of  ‘green contracts’—agreements that require the contractor to develop and implement a site management plan and favour certain types of resources—can also stimulate circular operations by legally ingraining circularity in the relationship between building owners, operators and users.


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🏢⚡  Optimised facility management

Cycle strategies aim to cycle and reuse materials at their highest value: they maximise the volume of secondary materials re-entering the economy, ultimately minimising the need for virgin material inputs and therefore also narrowing flows. Of course, virgin materials will always be needed to a degree: all materials degrade and can’t be cycled infinitely, use energy, and require blending with virgin materials to maintain strength and functionality.

Cycle

Impacts

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Industries

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A framework of policy instruments that enabled and encourage the transition to the circular economy

Policy Instruments

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A framework of policy instruments that enable and stimulate the transition to the circular economy

The principles of a circular economy concern designing out waste, regenerating ecosystems and keeping items in use. Decoupling the economy from material flows—improving the rate of resource productivity faster than the economic growth rate—is also a consistent guide. By evolving with the growing number of applications of circular economy principles, and consolidating these strategies across thematic areas, Circle Economy’s Key Elements Framework (KE) renders the elements of the circular economy salient and serves as a basis to derive contextual strategies and interventions. 


The Framework consists of:
- Core Elements: Activities directly handling product or material flows; and uniquely,
- Enabling Elements: those that remove obstacles for core actors.


Key elements of the circular economy

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Circle Economy's framework of strategies and activities that define the circular economy

The Circular City Actions Framework provides urban changemakers with five complementary strategies they can use to start working towards a more circular system. 

The framework is action-based to provide users with concrete strategic directions and showcase the desired outcomes of each strategy. 
The framework consists of five complementary **strategies**, under which **sub-strategies** provide further detail. Finally, each sub-strategy consists of a diversity of tangible **solutions** which are framed in relation to key thematic areas. 

Note: solutions are currently focused on:
- 🍏 **Food systems**
- 🏢  **Built environment**
- 👕📱  **Consumer goods**
- ⚡ **Energy Systems**
- 🚌 **Mobility Systems**
- 💧 **Water Systems**

More thematic areas are coming soon...

'Click through each of the five strategy cards below to explore the framework and circular economy case studies in more depth!'



This framework was developed in collaboration with ICLEI, Metabolic and Ellen MacArthur Foundation with support from the MAVA Foundation. Read more about it [here]( https://circulars.iclei.org/action-framework/). 



Circular City Actions Framework

An action-based framework for local governments working towards circular cities

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Based on the work of [Bocken et al. (2016)](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309699661_Product_design_and_business_model_strategies_for_a_circular_economy), the Four Flows Framework serves as a simple framework for managing resource flows in a circular economy by using less (Narrow), using for longer (Slow), using again (Cycle), and using clean, regenerative materials and energy (Regenerate).

These different principles of circular economy can be applied to our socioeconomic metabolism: we can design stocks like buildings, infrastructure, machinery, and vehicles to be rich resource mines for the future, and design manufactured goods and consumables to be cycled and made regenerative. Furthermore, the focus must also centre on getting more value out of fewer materials. Achieving the aims of a circular economy—minimising material use, regenerating the Earth, and preventing material losses—can be done through these four key strategies mentioned above.

Source: Circle Economy. (2023). *[The circularity gap report 2023](https://www.circularity-gap.world/2023)* (p.22). Amsterdam: Circle Economy. 

Four Flows Framework

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UAE's Oldest Preloved BookstoreAt House of prose bookstore, We aim to turn second hand book shopping into a routine and enjoyable  experience.. Since the early 90s, we’ve served as a premier Secondhand Bookstore in Dubai.We Buy and Sell with StyleAt House of prose bookstore, we provide our loyal shoppers with a broad assortment of ever-changing inventory. The only thing that remains the same is our low prices. We also have helpful sales associates who are happy to assist you in finding the right book at the right price . They also help to ensure that your donation or sales process is satisfactory. Contact us for all of your buying, selling or donating needs!

 
 The Documentation of the Optimization Program of Bogor Regency TPS 3R and Waste Bank from the Year of 2020 – 2021 is a digital guide book published in collaboration with Waste4Change, Dow Indonesia, and the Bogor Regency Environmental Service Agency (Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Kabupaten Bogor). This e-book is the outcome of the optimization program of Bogor Regency TPS 3R and  Waste Bank that was held from January 2020 to January 2021.   Dokumentasi Program Optimalisasi TPS 3R dan Bank Sampah 2020-2021 diterbitkan oleh Waste4Change, Dow Indonesia, dan Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Kabupaten Bogor  Indonesia produces about 175.000 tons of waste each day, where 40% of it comes from domestic waste. The complexity of the waste problem in Indonesia is also inevitable to Bogor Regency. Almost 2,850 tons of Bogor residents’ waste is generated every day and only 700 tons are distributed to the landfill. The implementation of the Reduce, Reuse and Recycle Waste Management Site (Tempat Pengelolaan Sampah 3R – TPS 3R) is a solid waste management approach involving the role of citizens and government. In collaboration with DOW Indonesia, Waste4Change assisted three locations of TPS 3R and Waste Bank in Bogor Regency for one year; Green Altari in Ciomas sub-district, The Ganesha Lestari waste bank in Telaga Kahuripan sub-district, and the Sampah Lisan Bumi waste bank in East Cilebut sub-district. This program is hoped to be a learning medium for Non-Governmental Groups (Kelompok Swadaya Masyarakat) to improve solid waste management in their area. Partisipasi masyarakat di wilayah Green Altari  The Objectives of the TPS 3R Optimization Program  The TPS3R Optimization Program also involved several stakeholders to achieve some of the objectives as follows: Building a circular economic ecosystem:A. Reduce the waste that ended up in the landfill up to 30% from the initial limit.B. Increase the recycling rate up to 30% from the initial limitC. Create a business plan for managing waste with related business partnersBuilding responsible and sustainable waste management at TPS 3R:A. Clear responsibilities for each division within the stakeholdersB. Own a house-scale waste management regulationC. Able to carry out responsible waste managementD. Well financial conditionE. Community participation in the waste management systemDocumenting the learning of the mentoring programA. Formulate the results of the assistance for the TPS3R optimization program to all stakeholdersB. Share the knowledge with local government, central government (PUPR), and other stakeholders. Not only improving the function of TPS 3R, but this program also supports regional policies and strategies (Jakstrada) related to the reduction of household and household-like waste in Bogor Regency. Since starting its operations in January 2020, this program has involved more than 20 Non-Governmental Organizations (Kelompok Swadaya Masyarakat) and has succeeded in increasing the recycling rate to 20,154 tons of waste.  Beside the Bogor Regency Environmental Agency (Dinas Lingkungan Hidup), there are several parties involved in this program, including: Waste4Change, a responsible waste management company that was founded in 2014 in Bekasi, West Java that provides holistic waste management services, such as Community-Based Implementation (w4c.id/CBI), a community development program that offers sustainable waste management education and assistance for local community and institutionDOW Indonesia: An innovative, customer-oriented, inclusive, and sustainable material-science company that aims to provide a sustainable future for the world through a variety of semi-finished industrial products such as coatings and silicones. The 2020-2021 Documentation of the Bogor Regency TPS 3R and Waste Bank Optimization Program is free for everyone to download and use. This book summarized the entire learning process that has been carried out by the three non-governmental organizations (KSM) during this program. Apart from helping the sustainability of waste management in Bogor Regency, this digital guide is also expected to be a learning material for waste management actors to participate in optimizing TPS3R in their respective cities. Download it for free here.  

Bogor Regency

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Municipality of Bogor

Waste4Change is a social enterprise founded in 2014 which gives services in waste management in environmental friendly and responsible approach toward zero-waste Indonesia.

Waste4Change

DOW Indonesia

Waste has always been an issue in both villages and cities in Indonesia including Bogor City, starting from burning the waste in front of houses to littering, which ends up polluting the environment.The Optimization Program of Bogor Regency TPS 3R and Waste Bank&nbsp;has a goal to modernize and increase the effectiveness of the facilities already created.Since its implementation at three facilities,waste reduction and recycling rate have increased by 22.75% at minimum, going to 60.93% in the best case.

Bogor vs Waste: the battle for sustainability 

Overtourism-affected tourist destinations, such as Mount Everest and Boracay Beach in the Philippines, as well as Venice, the canal city, virtually always have a trash problem due to the high volume of visitors.Waste has actually become a common concern in renowned tourist destinations. The issues include irresponsible tourists who continue to litter tourism areas, a lack of infrastructure and facilities to manage waste, and even the state of the sites/landscapes, which impedes waste collection and transportation. Nonetheless, there are current sustainable tourism practices that have established a responsible waste management system, such as the EcoRanger project in Pulau Merah, Banyuwangi. Greeneration Foundation initiated this program along with Waste4Change serving as the field facilitator since October 2018.

EcoRanger: Advancing Sustainable Tourism through Community Development in Banyuwangi, Indonesia

According to National Geographic, Rivers have been identified as a major pathway for plastic pollution entering the&nbsp;oceans (2018). Mismanaged plastic ends up in&nbsp;an environment where functional waste&nbsp;management systems are lacking. Around 80-90 % of plastic travels to the&nbsp;oceans from land. Rivers are a major contributor.&nbsp;Asia and Pacific ‘high risk’ pollution area. The result is a ”permanent” problem; that is&nbsp;plastic&nbsp;is spread to vast areas in the&nbsp;oceans as a plastic soup