Vulnerable groups face limitations in access to the labour market opportunities. Public employment service (PES) does not identify everyone part of this group. Meeting the complex needs of the most vulnerable groups requires other services and measures in combination with ALMPs. This in turn requires a good exchange of information and co-operation between PES and relevant institutions responsible for the provision of health, education and social services, as well as income support.

The role of survey data can have significant impact when administrative data is insufficient in generating knowledge on the people in need of active labour market policies.

Once all groups are correctly identified, PES and employment counsellors can be rightly placed to identify challenges and refer the jobseekers to appropriate support such as skill advancement, education and training, equal access to the labour market and equal rights.