Although almost 100% of materials in solar panels are recyclable or reusable, the presence of heavy metals (e.g. cadmium, copper, lead, etc.) leads to this type of electrical equipment to be classified as hazardous waste at its end-of-life, under the federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and California’s more stringent Hazardous Waste Control Law. However, from January 1st 2021, decommissioned solar panels will be regulated like other universal wastes in California. Additionally, the new rule will allow generators of decommissioned solar panels (photovoltaic or PV modules) to reduce management burdens and facilitate recycling by allowing storage of decommissioned panels for up to one year and eliminating storage quantity limitations. Other key components of the regulations for handlers include notification and annual reporting to the CA Department of Toxic Substances Control, labeling (Universal Waste–PV Modules), employee training, handling to prevent breakage and releases, response to releases, containment and recordkeeping. Finally, treatment activities, including separation, cutting, sawing, breaking, shredding, crushing, screening, and compacting are also allowed. However, the rule prohibits universal waste handlers from using or applying chemicals, including water, and/or external heat to solar panels.

Photo by Vivint Solar on Unsplash