"‘Socialisation of solid waste management,' as the term is used in Vietnam, indicates the active participation of community groups, cooperatives and independent collectors in managing urban solid waste systems.

Text by Dr. Apiwat Ratanawaraha in Text by Natalie Mayer in https://www.resourcepanel.org/file/323/download?token=oYh3a-SH

"Community groups and co-operatives are now working with the local authorities to fill the gaps in waste collection services as a part of the Vietnamese government’s policy on socialization of environmental protection"

"Ho Chi Minh City’s 3,000 independent collectors are well suited to collecting waste from the narrow streets where vehicles are unable to drive. By using low-skilled workers instead of expensive machinery to collect waste, this community-based system shows that waste collection can contribute to improving urban liveability and sustainability with fewer resources and less impact on the environment."

"Despite its successes, the socialisation of waste management in Ho Chi Minh City still faces several challenges:

• No concrete mechanisms and legislative documents are in place for operation.

• No regulations compel residents to participate in maintaining sanitary environments or ensure that their waste is removed. Many households have no waste collection contracts and avoid paying collection fees, so illegal dumping represents a challenge.

• Socialisation is currently limited to the collection component of the solid waste system. It is difficult to socialise the transportation and treatment components due to high equipment costs and a lack of space for secondary collection and transportation.

• Health and safety concerns for the collectors are lacking."