Some circular-construction projects are already underway. One mixed-used development in progress, called Robin Wood, is made with wood and recycled aluminum.

Construction is a major focus in the city’s strategy both because of the environmental impact of the industry and the fact that it’s an area where the city has direct control; unlike, for example, electronics that are made in China. When the city releases land for development, projects now have to meet circular criteria, including using recycled and bio-based materials and planning for future recycling or reuse. By 2025, at least one-fifth of new construction will have to use wood to replace steel, concrete, and other carbon-intensive materials.

The modular design of Robin Wood can also be adapted, so studio apartments could become larger homes or live-work units in the future. That flexibility could help the building last longer. (Longevity is a key circular strategy and considered better than recycling, since it keeps the original materials in use.) A new school is also made from wooden modules and designed to be easier to expand or later move to a different location.