Haarlem has developed an action plan entitled Haarlem Circulair 2040 which places engagement of citizens, businesses and other key stakeholders as a central objective. As part of the action plan, Haarlem has identified public procurement as a tool to implement the circular economy and has therefore also made this a central feature of its strategic procurement policy. Given the overarching goal, all departments of the city are expected to work towards the goal of being a circular city by 2040 including in the areas of finance, spatial planning and civil works.